The role of MXenes and MXene composites in enhancing dye-sensitized solar cells characteristics

Abstract

The development of efficient and cost-effective dye-sensitized solar cells is crucial for advancing third-generation solar technology. Despite their advantages, dye-sensitized solar cells face challenges due to the high cost of platinum-based counter electrodes, which impedes their commercialization. MXenes and MXene-based composites have emerged as promising alternatives, offering exceptional electrochemical properties, high catalytic activity, and large surface area. This review examines the potential of MXenes in enhancing dye-sensitized solar cells’ performance. The findings suggest that Ti₃C₂T_x MXene exhibits remarkable electron transfer efficiency, making it a viable substitute for platinum. Additionally, composites, such as Ti₃C₂T_x with graphene, demonstrate superior electrical conductivity and catalytic activity, outperforming both pure MXene and graphene electrodes. The key performance metrics include cathodic peak current density, fill factor, short-circuit current, and charge transfer resistance, indicating that MXenes can match or exceed traditional materials. The Ti₃C₂T_x/graphene composite is recommended for its enhanced properties and cost-effectiveness.