What drives drivers to start cruising for parking? Modeling the start of the search process

Abstract

This study investigates the starting point of parking search, presenting new findings through empirical and theoretical approaches. It introduces a probabilistic model that describes the transition from normal driving to actively searching for parking, aiming to minimize journey costs. The model is tested using real-world data collected via a smartphone app that tracks the start of parking searches. Results validate the model, showing that drivers are more likely to begin searching for parking earlier when parking spaces are scarce and driving speeds are reduced (e.g., by congestion). Additionally, various factors influence the start of the parking search, including driver age, vehicle class, and familiarity with the destination. Specific conditions such as proximity to amenities, rush hour timing, and destination familiarity prompt earlier search initiation. The study also identifies scenarios where drivers skip the search process and park immediately, influenced by factors like driving home, short parking durations, and destination familiarity.