Gaze Behaviors, Estimated Quiet Eye Characteristics, and Decision Making of Nonexpert Assistant Referees Judging Offside Events in Soccer.

IF 2 3区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-06 Print Date: 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1123/jsep.2023-0348

Carlos Albaladejo-García, Vicente Luis-Del Campo, Jesús Morenas, Francisco J Moreno

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Abstract

The study analyzed the gaze behavior and decision-making performance of 20 soccer assistant referees while judging offside events. Specifically, gaze behaviors, gaze entropy, and estimated quiet eye (eQE; defined as the last fixation prior to the attacker's ball pass) characteristics (i.e., location, onset, offset, and duration) were analyzed in relation to decision-making accuracy. Although a significant number of fixations were observed on the offside line, the highest viewing time corresponded to the ball carrier. The gaze behavior indicated a high distribution of fixations, as evidenced by high stationary gaze entropy (>90%). The assistant referees also distinguished offside from onside positions above chance. However, they displayed nonprolonged eQE on the offside line. As a result, no significant relationships were found between the eQE characteristics and decision-making accuracy. The study concludes that the absence of more functional gaze behaviors, specifically with longer eQE focused on the offside line, impaired the decision-making accuracy of nonexpert assistant referees in soccer.

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非专业助理裁判在判断足球越位事件时的注视行为、估计的静眼特征和决策。

该研究分析了 20 名足球助理裁判在判断越位事件时的注视行为和决策表现。具体来说，研究人员分析了与决策准确性相关的注视行为、注视熵和估计的安静眼（eQE；定义为攻击者传球前的最后一次凝视）特征（即位置、开始、偏移和持续时间）。虽然在越位线上观察到了大量的凝视，但凝视时间最长的是持球者。凝视行为显示出凝视的高度分布，这一点可以从较高的静止凝视熵（>90%）中得到证明。助理裁判对越位和在位位置的区分也高于概率。然而，他们在越位线上显示的 eQE 并没有延长。因此，在 eQE 特征和决策准确性之间没有发现明显的关系。研究得出结论，缺乏更多功能性凝视行为，特别是在越位线上集中较长时间的 eQE，会影响非专业助理裁判在足球比赛中的决策准确性。

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来源期刊

Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 医学-心理学

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP) is a peer-reviewed publication designed to stimulate and communicate research theory in all areas of sport and exercise psychology. JSEP emphasizes original research reports that advance our understanding of human behavior as it relates to sport and exercise. Comprehensive reviews employing both qualitative and quantitative methods are also encouraged, as well as brief reports of soundly designed research studies that are of special interest or importance. Areas of interest include research in social, clinical, developmental, and experimental psychology, as well as psychobiology and personality. Moreover, the terms sport and exercise may pertain to either the independent or dependent variables. Generally speaking, work on motor control processes, studies of sport as a social institution, or broader social issues are beyond the scope of JSEP. A wide variety of methods are acceptable for studying sport and exercise psychology topics.