Changing ways to learn seamanship in Europe circa 1600–1920: Books, institutions and sociopolitical contexts

Karel Davids
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Abstract

Seamanship is the art of handling and manoeuvring a ship. For centuries, seamanship skills were transmitted not in writing, but by hands-on instruction on board. However, between circa 1600 and 1920, this ‘tacit’ knowledge was increasingly made ‘explicit’ in printed literature. Why did this happen? To answer this question, this article analyses dozens of books on seamanship produced in Britain, France, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy. It discusses the different genres, the background of the authors and the intended reading publics. It shows that the transformation occurred almost simultaneously across Europe and that it was not triggered by technological change. The article argues that the explanation instead can be found in the rise of new institutions for the education and selection of seamen, which was linked with the growing aspirations of states and other organizations to gain more control over the quality of the personnel needed to man their ships.
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约 1600-1920 年欧洲航海技术学习方式的变化:书籍、机构和社会政治背景
航海技术是操作和操纵船只的艺术。几个世纪以来,航海技术都不是通过文字传播,而是在船上手把手地传授。然而,在大约 1600 年到 1920 年之间,这种 "隐性 "知识越来越多地通过印刷文献 "显性化"。为什么会出现这种情况?为了回答这个问题,本文分析了英国、法国、西班牙、荷兰和意大利出版的数十种航海技术书籍。文章讨论了不同的体裁、作者背景和目标读者群。文章表明,欧洲各国几乎同时发生了转变,而这种转变并不是由技术变革引发的。文章认为,新的海员教育和选拔机构的兴起才是原因所在,这与国家和其他组织日益希望对其船只所需人员的质量进行更多控制有关。
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CiteScore
0.40
自引率
33.30%
发文量
53
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