Image-based mesh generation for constructing a virtual representation of engineered wood product samples

IF 2.4 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.1007/s00107-024-02132-9
Patrick Grant, Steven Psaltis, Maryam Shirmohammadi, Ian Turner
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Abstract

The complex structure of timber has traditionally been difficult to model as it is a highly heterogeneous material. The density and material properties for structural species such as Pinus radiata (radiata pine) can vary greatly across the growth rings. Numerical simulation methods are becoming more prevalent as a method of predicting moisture migration, stress and strain distributions, and fungal/rot intrusion in engineered wood products (EWPs). All these applications require a computational mesh that captures the growth ring structure to facilitate an accurate assessment of the performance of EWPs. In this work, a low-cost image-based algorithm is developed for generating a virtual representation of a small cross laminated timber panel sample. Specifically, the proposed method results in a virtual description of an EWP sample comprised of a triangular prismatic mesh where the nodes are aligned on the growth rings of each individual timber component of the EWP, with specific wood material properties allocated to each mesh element. Each small component is treated individually and we assume there is no longitudinal variation in the density, pith location, and pith angle within the mesh structure. The initial step involves analysing an image of the end grain pattern of a single clear wood sample to identify the growth rings using a spectral clustering algorithm. Next, the centre of the tree (pith) is located through an iterative constrained least-squares algorithm to determine the pith angle. Image analysis of an anatomical image combined with the pith location allows for a constant density value to be assigned to each mesh element. The capability of this framework is then demonstrated by simulating the moisture migration and heat transfer throughout a CLT sample under atmospheric and saturating boundary conditions. Furthermore, the virtual representation provides the basis for simulating additional physical and biological phenomena, such as moisture-induced swelling, decay and fungal growth.

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基于图像的网格生成技术,用于构建工程木制品样品的虚拟表征
由于木材是一种高度异质的材料,其复杂的结构历来难以建模。辐射松(Pinus radiata pine)等结构树种的密度和材料特性在不同生长年轮之间会有很大差异。数值模拟方法作为一种预测工程木制品(EWP)中湿度迁移、应力和应变分布以及真菌/腐烂侵入的方法,正变得越来越普遍。所有这些应用都需要能捕捉到生长环结构的计算网格,以便准确评估 EWP 的性能。在这项工作中,开发了一种基于图像的低成本算法,用于生成小型交叉层压木板样本的虚拟表示。具体来说,所提出的方法可虚拟描述由三角棱柱网格组成的 EWP 样品,其中的节点对准 EWP 中每个独立木材组件的生长环,并为每个网格元素分配特定的木材材料属性。每个小部件都是单独处理的,我们假定网格结构内的密度、髓心位置和髓心角没有纵向变化。第一步是分析单个清晰木材样本的端纹图案图像,使用光谱聚类算法识别生长年轮。然后,通过迭代约束最小二乘算法确定树木中心(髓心)的位置,从而确定髓心角。结合髓部位置,对解剖图像进行图像分析,从而为每个网格元素分配一个恒定的密度值。然后,在大气和饱和边界条件下,通过模拟整个 CLT 样品的水分迁移和热传导,展示了这一框架的能力。此外,虚拟表示法还为模拟其他物理和生物现象(如湿气引起的膨胀、腐烂和真菌生长)提供了基础。
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来源期刊
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 工程技术-材料科学:纸与木材
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
124
审稿时长
6.0 months
期刊介绍: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products reports on original research and new developments in the field of wood and wood products and their biological, chemical, physical as well as mechanical and technological properties, processes and uses. Subjects range from roundwood to wood based products, composite materials and structural applications, with related jointing techniques. Moreover, it deals with wood as a chemical raw material, source of energy as well as with inter-disciplinary aspects of environmental assessment and international markets. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products aims at promoting international scientific communication and transfer of new technologies from research into practice.
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