Lithium-ion battery recycling—a review of the material supply and policy infrastructure

IF 8.6 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Npg Asia Materials Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1038/s41427-024-00562-8
P. M. Tembo, C. Dyer, V. Subramanian
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Abstract

The current change in battery technology followed by the almost immediate adoption of lithium as a key resource powering our energy needs in various applications is undeniable. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are at the forefront of the industry and offer excellent performance. The application of LIBs is expected to continue to increase. The adoption of renewable energies has spurred this LIB proliferation and resulted in a dramatic increase in LIB waste. In this review, we address waste LIB collection and segregation approaches, waste LIB treatment approaches, and related economics. We have coined a “green score” concept based on a review of several quantitative analyses from the literature to compare the three mainstream recycling processes: pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling. In addition, we analyze the current trends in policymaking and in government incentive development directed toward promoting LIB waste recycling. Future LIB recycling perspectives are analyzed, and opportunities and threats to LIB recycling are presented.

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锂离子电池回收--材料供应和政策基础设施回顾
不可否认的是,随着电池技术的发展,锂几乎立即成为了满足各种应用能源需求的关键资源。锂离子电池(LIB)性能卓越,处于行业领先地位。预计锂离子电池的应用将继续增加。可再生能源的采用刺激了锂离子电池的扩散,并导致锂离子电池废料的急剧增加。在本综述中,我们将讨论废锂电池收集和分离方法、废锂电池处理方法以及相关的经济学问题。在对文献中的一些定量分析进行回顾的基础上,我们提出了一个 "绿色分数 "的概念,以比较三种主流回收工艺:火冶、湿法冶金和直接回收。此外,我们还分析了当前政策制定和政府激励措施发展的趋势,以促进锂离子电池废弃物的回收利用。我们还分析了未来锂离子电池回收利用的前景,并提出了锂离子电池回收利用的机遇和威胁。
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来源期刊
Npg Asia Materials
Npg Asia Materials MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
15.40
自引率
1.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: NPG Asia Materials is an open access, international journal that publishes peer-reviewed review and primary research articles in the field of materials sciences. The journal has a global outlook and reach, with a base in the Asia-Pacific region to reflect the significant and growing output of materials research from this area. The target audience for NPG Asia Materials is scientists and researchers involved in materials research, covering a wide range of disciplines including physical and chemical sciences, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. The journal particularly welcomes high-quality articles from rapidly advancing areas that bridge the gap between materials science and engineering, as well as the classical disciplines of physics, chemistry, and biology. NPG Asia Materials is abstracted/indexed in Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Chemical Abstract Services, Scopus, Ulrichsweb (ProQuest), and Scirus.
期刊最新文献
Unprecedented mechanical wave energy absorption observed in multifunctional bioinspired architected metamaterials Vortex confinement through an unquantized magnetic flux Lithium-ion battery recycling—a review of the material supply and policy infrastructure Tailoring the grain boundary structure and chemistry of the dendrite-free garnet solid electrolyte Li6.1Ga0.3La3Zr2O12 High tolerance of the superconducting current to large grain boundary angles in potassium-doped BaFe2As2
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