Diet and Body Weight Dynamics in the Spotted Seal, Phoca largha Pallas, 1811, Kept in Sea Pens

IF 0.5 4区生物学 Q4 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Russian Journal of Marine Biology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.1134/s1063074024700159

A. D. Basaraba, P. V. Esipova, E. A. Scherbakova, I. O. Katin

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Abstract

A nutritious diet is one of the most important factors in the successful management of captive animals. Basic methods for selecting diets for marine mammals have been described in the literature, yet methods developed for certain marine mammal species kept under specific conditions are quite rare. The diets of three male and two female spotted seals, Phoca largha Pallas, 1811, kept in sea pens at the Primorsky Aquarium, Branch of the National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok, Russia), are discussed in the article. The diets were formulated based on the natural biological processes of this species in the wild. Information on them has been obtained from our own observations and from literature sources. Based on individual needs, adjustments have been made to the diets of the spotted seals, including pregnant and lactating females. The main food items of the spotted seals were Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, Atka mackerel, Pleurogrammus monopterygius, commander squid, Berryteuthis magister, pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, char, Salvelinus sp., capelin, Mallotus villosus, and shrimp, Pandalus sp. It has been found that the physiological status of the animals (molting, reproductive status, sex, and age) directly influences the qualitative and quantitative parameters of food intake. The diet and body weight of the spotted seals were significantly influenced by seasonal changes (water and air temperature and natural biological rhythms). These data can be used for selection of optimal feeding of P. largha.

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海洋围栏中饲养的斑海豹（Phoca largha Pallas，1811 年）的饮食和体重动态变化

摘要营养丰富的饮食是成功管理圈养动物的最重要因素之一。文献中描述了为海洋哺乳动物选择食物的基本方法，但针对某些在特定条件下饲养的海洋哺乳动物物种而开发的方法却相当罕见。本文讨论了俄罗斯科学院远东分院国家海洋生物科学中心滨海水族馆（俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克）海栏中饲养的三只雄性斑海豹和两只雌性斑海豹（Phoca largha Pallas，1811 年）的饮食。这些食物是根据该物种在野外的自然生物过程配制的。相关信息来自我们的观察和文献资料。根据斑海豹（包括怀孕和哺乳期雌性斑海豹）的个体需求，对其饮食进行了调整。斑海豹的主要食物是太平洋鲱鱼（Clupea pallasii）、阿特卡鲭鱼（Pleurogrammus monopterygius）、司令鱿鱼（Berryteuthis magister）、粉鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus gorbuscha）、大马哈鱼（Oncorhynchus keta）、鲑鱼（Salvelinus sp、研究发现，动物的生理状况（蜕皮、繁殖状况、性别和年龄）直接影响食物摄入的质量和数量参数。斑海豹的饮食和体重受季节变化（水温、气温和自然生物节律）的影响很大。这些数据可用于选择斑海豹的最佳喂养方式。

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来源期刊

Russian Journal of Marine Biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Russian Journal of Marine Biology was founded in 1975 by Alexey V. Zhirmunsky, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Russian Journal of Marine Biology covers a wide range of research and some applied aspects of marine biology as a synthetic science related to various fields of study on marine biota and environment. It presents fundamental research on biological processes at molecular, cellular, organismal, and populational levels in marine organisms. Consideration is given to marine objects as models in life sciences. The journal also publishes papers dedicated to events in Russian and international marine biological science and the history of biology.