Do autism and psychopathy co-occur? A systematic review and clinical discussion

IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1002/cbm.2352
David Murphy, Freya Walker, Josephine Broyd
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Abstract

Background

Although the prevalence is unknown, psychopathy can be a possible co-occurring condition associated with autism especially among forensic populations. However, the relationship between these two conditions remains poorly understood.

Aims

To carry out a systematic review of the available literature exploring the relationship between autism and psychopathy.

Methods

A systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using terms for autism and psychopathy to search the literature databases Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, ASSIA, APA Psych Info, Medline and EMBASE from 1980 to March 2024. For inclusion, we required that a recognised measure of autism and psychopathy or associated features of the latter had been used.

Results

Of the 4230 potential articles identified, 37 met the selection criteria. Insufficient and inconsistent methodologies for data pooling meant that a narrative analysis was used. Although there is some overlap, four broad themes emerged relating to (1) assessment and frequency of co-occurrence, (2) behavioural and neurophysiological expressions of empathy, (3) behavioural contagion effects, mirroring, mimicry and other linking mechanisms and (4) emotional face perception and theory of mind characteristics. Within these areas there are some specific differences between the two conditions. However, the research to date examining the relationship between autism and psychopathy has mostly been with children and males, carried out with non-clinical non-forensic populations, as well as using self-report measures and parental ratings. Prior research has also largely focused on looking for differences between these conditions rather than co-occurrence.

Conclusion

This review outlines a case for considering autism and psychopathy as distinct, but potentially co-occurring conditions and highlights the need for more research into how the two conditions interact with clinical populations. There also appears to be a need for guidelines on when and how to assess psychopathy with autistic individuals and a better understanding of the therapeutic needs and factors influencing the long-term outcomes of autistic individuals who may also present with co-occurring psychopathy.

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自闭症和精神病态会同时发生吗?系统回顾与临床讨论
背景虽然发病率尚不清楚,但精神病态可能与自闭症并发,尤其是在法医人群中。Aims To carry out a systematic review of the available literature exploring the relationship between autism and psychopathy.MethodsA systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using terms of autism and psychopathy to search the literature databases Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, ASSIA, APA Psych Info, Medline and EMBASE from 1980 to March 2024.为了纳入研究,我们要求使用公认的自闭症和心理变态测量方法或后者的相关特征。结果在所发现的 4230 篇潜在文章中,有 37 篇符合筛选标准。由于汇集数据的方法不足且不一致,因此我们采用了叙事分析法。尽管有一些重叠,但还是出现了四个广泛的主题,分别涉及:(1) 评估和共同发生的频率;(2) 共情的行为和神经生理学表达;(3) 行为传染效应、镜像、模仿和其他联系机制;(4) 情感面孔感知和心智理论特征。在这些领域中,两种情况之间存在一些具体的差异。然而,迄今为止,有关自闭症与精神变态之间关系的研究大多针对儿童和男性,在非临床非法医人群中进行,并使用自我报告测量法和父母评分法。结论 本综述概述了将自闭症和精神病态视为不同但可能同时存在的病症的理由,并强调有必要对这两种病症如何与临床人群相互作用开展更多研究。此外,似乎还需要制定有关何时以及如何对自闭症患者进行心理病态评估的指南,并更好地了解可能同时伴有心理病态的自闭症患者的治疗需求以及影响其长期疗效的因素。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health – CBMH – aims to publish original material on any aspect of the relationship between mental state and criminal behaviour. Thus, we are interested in mental mechanisms associated with offending, regardless of whether the individual concerned has a mental disorder or not. We are interested in factors that influence such relationships, and particularly welcome studies about pathways into and out of crime. These will include studies of normal and abnormal development, of mental disorder and how that may lead to offending for a subgroup of sufferers, together with information about factors which mediate such a relationship.
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