Serum vitamin D concentration is inversely associated with matrix metalloproteinase‐9 level in periodontal diseases

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Journal of periodontology Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI:10.1002/jper.24-0106
Yeşim Ayhan Yıldırım, Ayla Ozturk, Fatma Doğruel, Hatice Saraçoğlu, Cevat Yazıcı
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Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between vitamin D deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) across various periodontal health and disease statuses.MethodsA total of 200 volunteers were divided into two groups according to serum vitamin D concentration (25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL and 25(OH)D ≥ 10 ng/mL). Periodontal health status was determined based on a full‐mouth periodontal examination and radiographic evaluation. Participants in both groups were categorized according to periodontal diagnoses, encompassing periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Following sampling, the MMP‐9 levels in GCF were determined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.ResultsThe GCF MMP‐9 levels were found to be higher in individuals with serum 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL, in both the healthy and gingivitis and periodontitis groups, compared to those with 25(OH)D ≥ 10 ng/mL. Nevertheless, a statistically significant distinction was observed exclusively within the gingivitis and periodontitis groups. Correlation analysis and robust regression analyses provided additional evidence supporting the predictive role of periodontal disease status and vitamin D concentration in local MMP‐9 levels. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age and sex in robust regression analysis (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the inclusion of periodontal clinical parameters in the regression analysis revealed notable associations of clinical attachment loss with local MMP‐9 levels, along with periodontal disease status and serum vitamin D concentration (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest a potential mechanistic relationship between serum vitamin D levels and periodontitis.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYVitamin D deficiency is a widespread issue globally due to urban living, less outdoor time, seasonal changes, aging, and sunscreen use, leading to inadequate sun exposure. Low vitamin D levels are linked to several health problems, including hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, and periodontal diseases, which affect the gums and bones around teeth and can cause tooth loss if untreated. Although the link between vitamin D and periodontal disease is unclear, it may involve the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9). Our study examined 200 people, dividing them into two groups based on vitamin D levels. We assessed their gum health and measured MMP‐9 levels in their gingival crevicular fluid, a liquid that seeps out from the tiny space between gums and teeth. We found that people with lower vitamin D levels had higher MMP‐9 levels, especially those with gum disease. Our analysis showed that both vitamin D levels and gum health significantly impact MMP‐9 levels, with gum health being the more influential factor. Maintaining good gum health and adequate vitamin D levels is crucial for managing MMP‐9, an enzyme critical for tissue remodeling during healing and inflammation. However, excessive MMP may rapidly destroy periodontal tissues.
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牙周病患者血清维生素 D 浓度与基质金属蛋白酶-9 水平成反比
背景 本研究旨在探讨维生素D缺乏与不同牙周健康和疾病状态下牙龈缝隙液(GCF)中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平之间的潜在关联。方法 根据血清维生素D浓度(25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL和25(OH)D ≥ 10 ng/mL)将200名志愿者分为两组。牙周健康状况根据全口牙周检查和放射学评估确定。两组参与者均根据牙周诊断进行分类,包括牙周健康、牙龈炎和牙周炎。采样后,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定 GCF 中的 MMP-9 含量。结果发现,在健康组、牙龈炎组和牙周炎组中,与血清 25(OH)D≥10 纳克/毫升的人相比,血清 25(OH)D≥10 纳克/毫升的人的 GCF MMP-9 含量更高。然而,仅在牙龈炎和牙周炎组中观察到了统计学上的显著差异。相关性分析和稳健回归分析提供了更多证据,支持牙周病状态和维生素 D 浓度对当地 MMP-9 水平的预测作用。在稳健回归分析中对年龄和性别进行调整后,这些相关性仍然显著(p = 0.002)。此外,将牙周临床参数纳入回归分析后发现,临床附着丧失与局部 MMP-9 水平以及牙周疾病状态和血清维生素 D 浓度都有显著关联(p < 0.001)。维生素 D 含量低与多种健康问题有关,包括高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和牙周病,牙周病会影响牙齿周围的牙龈和骨骼,如不及时治疗会导致牙齿脱落。虽然维生素 D 与牙周病之间的联系尚不清楚,但可能与基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)有关。我们的研究调查了 200 人,根据维生素 D 水平将他们分为两组。我们评估了他们的牙龈健康状况,并测量了他们牙龈缝隙液(一种从牙龈和牙齿之间的微小空间渗出的液体)中的MMP-9水平。我们发现,维生素 D 水平较低的人 MMP-9 水平较高,尤其是患有牙龈疾病的人。我们的分析表明,维生素 D 水平和牙龈健康都会对 MMP-9 水平产生重大影响,而牙龈健康是影响更大的因素。保持良好的牙龈健康和充足的维生素 D 水平对管理 MMP-9 至关重要,MMP-9 是一种对愈合和炎症期间组织重塑至关重要的酶。然而,过量的 MMP 可能会迅速破坏牙周组织。
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来源期刊
Journal of periodontology
Journal of periodontology 医学-牙科与口腔外科
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
7.00%
发文量
290
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Periodontology publishes articles relevant to the science and practice of periodontics and related areas.
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