Risk of Healing Complications Following Alveolar Process Fractures in the Primary Dentition: A Retrospective Clinical Cohort Study.

Abstract

Background/aim: Alveolar bone process fractures in preschool children are not well documented in the literature. Alveolar process fractures are located very close to primary teeth and permanent tooth germs. This study investigates the risk of healing complications following alveolar process fractures in the primary dentition and potential sequelae in the permanent dentition.

Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 21 patients with 49 primary teeth involved in an alveolar fracture. The follow-up protocol included clinical and radiographic examinations at specified intervals up to the age of 6 years. Healing complications in the primary teeth such as pulp necrosis, pulp canal obliteration, ankylosis, infection-related resorption and premature tooth loss were examined. Sequelae in the permanent dentition was also registered when the permanent incisors had erupted.

Results: Over a 3-year follow-up, the incidence of premature tooth loss was 51.2% [95% CI: 34.1%-68.4%], pulp canal obliteration was 42.5% [95% CI: 27.1%-57.8%], and pulp necrosis was 8.9% [95% CI: 0.6%-17.3%] following an alveolar process fracture. No cases of ankylosis were observed. Sequelae in the permanent dentition primarily included demarcated opacities and hypoplasia with a risk estimated at 24% [95% CI: 13%-39%] and 9% [95% CI: 2%-21%] respectively.

Conclusion: Alveolar process fractures in primary dentition are associated with several healing complications in the primary teeth. Although the likelihood of severe complications in the permanent dentition is low, young children are still susceptible to developing sequelae in their permanent teeth. These results highlight the importance of awareness of dental injuries following alveolar process bone fractures in the primary dentition.