Conservative management of canine cleft palate can be a viable treatment option: 65 cases (2006-2023).

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate nonsurgical management outcomes of cleft palate (CP) in dogs and identify any association between cleft size, prevalence of clinical signs, and quality of life (QoL).

Methods: 65 dogs treated conservatively for CP from January 2006 through December 2023 were retrospectively identified. Diet, activity, medical history, and QoL were recorded for dogs that survived to the transition to solid food. Results were compared to those from 24 control dogs. Measurements of cleft area, width, and percentage of the hard palate occupied by the cleft were made with the use of calibrated photographs. Clefts were divided into 3 types: wide throughout, wide rostrally, and slit throughout.

Results: Sneezing was the most frequent clinical sign (43 of 65 over the past month, 34 of 65 when most affected). There was a greater frequency of material lodging in the cleft in the wide-throughout clefts (13 of 16 dogs) compared to the slit-throughout clefts (7 of 19 dogs). Veterinary removal of material was required in 10 of 68 episodes (7 of 31 dogs). There was no correlation between cleft size and prevalence of clinical signs or QoL. Sixty-three percent of dogs had a perfect QoL on a weighted scale, while 83.3% had a perfect score on a visual analog scale. Sixty-four of 65 owners would adopt another dog with a CP.

Conclusions: Measures of QoL were favorable among dogs treated conservatively for CP.

Clinical relevance: Conservative management appears to be a viable option for treatment of CPs in some dogs.