Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in urban Burkina Faso.

Abstract

Background: Community screening could be an effective strategy for identifying people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low-income countries.

Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and its risk factors.

Setting: This study was conducted in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, including consenting population (≥ 18 years). Data were collected from 11 November 2020 to 16 November 2020, in five fix sites after a 10-day information campaign on T2DM. The SD CodeFreeTM glucose analyser was used to diagnose T2DM. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associate factors.

Results: A total of 1200 (95%) volunteered out of 1330 people were enrolled, which included 667 (52.27%) women. The mean age was 34.16 years (standard deviation: 12.42). Overall, 40.28% were abdominally obese and 31.43% hypertensive. The prevalence of T2DM was 10.74% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 9.15; 12.56). In multivariate analysis, being aged or greater than 35 years (adjusted odds ratio [ORa]: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.42; 3.72), having a family history of diabetes (ORa = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.006; 2.40), being overweight (ORa = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.09; 2.62), being obese (ORa = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.08; 3.00), being a known hypertensive (ORa = 2.92 95% CI: 1.64; 5.19) and having high blood pressure on the day of the survey (ORa = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.22; 2.85) increased significantly the probability to present T2DM.

Conclusion: Community screening is useful to identify T2DM. A national programme to control diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors is urgently needed in Burkina Faso.

Contribution: This study will enable early detection of diabetes mellitus and its management in order to prevent or delay the onset of complications.