Advances and results in omental patch repair of gastrointestinal perforations: A narrative review

Abstract

Omental patch repair is a crucial surgical procedure for managing gastrointestinal perforations, particularly those associated with peptic ulcers, necessitating a detailed review of its effectiveness and outcomes. This literature review aims to assess current knowledge on omental patch repair, focusing on advancements in surgical techniques and patient outcomes. Major medical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched for relevant studies published between 2020 and 2024, prioritizing those that explored omental patch repair, surgical methods, and associated clinical outcomes. The results provide insights into the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal perforations, the effectiveness of omental patch repair in promoting healing, and its role in reducing postoperative complications. Both open and laparoscopic techniques have demonstrated improved patient outcomes, including reduced mortality, morbidity, and faster recovery times. Additionally, alternative methods, such as the use of the falciform ligament, offer comparable efficacy in cases where the omentum is unavailable. This review underscores the importance of omental patch repair as a reliable surgical intervention adaptable to various clinical environments. However, further research is necessary to address gaps in long-term outcomes, particularly regarding recurrence rates and complications, highlighting the need for continued innovation and refinement of techniques to enhance patient care.