Hydrogeophysical mapping of paleochannels for water security in Bhawanigarh Block, District Sangrur, Punjab, India

Abstract

Paleochannels, ancient buried riverbeds, offer significant potential for groundwater management and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those focused on clean water (SDG 6) and sustainable ecosystems (SDG 15). These channels, formed when rivers change course due to natural processes or human activities, become filled with loose, permeable sediments like sand and gravel, making them natural reservoirs capable of storing large volumes of groundwater. This characteristic makes paleochannels invaluable for enhancing water security in arid and semi-arid regions.

The present study, conducted in the Bhawanigarh block of Sangrur District, Punjab, focuses on mapping paleochannels for Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) using Electrical Resistivity Survey techniques. A total of 37 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were performed with a Computerized Resistivity Meter, and the findings were validated using well-logging, exploration data, historical aerial photographs, and satellite imagery. Identifying and mapping these paleochannels enable targeted groundwater recharge efforts, enhancing the sustainable management of water resources.

By strategically utilizing paleochannels for artificial recharge, excess surface water can be directed into these hidden reservoirs, effectively replenishing groundwater supplies. This approach supports agricultural and drinking water needs and strengthens resilience against climate change impacts, aligning with SDG 13 (Climate Action). Moreover, the careful management of these ancient channels promotes the sustainable use of natural resources, contributing to the overall goals of environmental sustainability and water security outlined in the SDGs.