Neurorights in the Constitution: from neurotechnology to ethics and politics.

IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-02 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1098/rstb.2023.0098
Sergio Ruiz, Luca Valera, Paulina Ramos, Ranganatha Sitaram
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Abstract

Neuroimaging technologies such as brain-computer interfaces and neurofeedback have evolved rapidly as new tools for cognitive neuroscience and as potential clinical interventions. However, along with these developments, concern has grown based on the fear of the potential misuse of neurotechnology. In October 2021, Chile became the first country to include neurorights in its Constitution. The present article is divided into two parts. In the first section, we describe the path followed by neurorights that led to its inclusion in the Chilean Constitution, and the neurotechnologies usually involved in neurorights discussions. In the second part, we discuss two potential problems of neurorights. We begin by pointing out some epistemological concerns regarding neurorights, mainly referring to the ambiguity of the concepts used in neurolegislations, the difficult relationship between neuroscience and politics and the weak reasons for urgency in legislating. We then describe the dangers of overprotective laws in medical research, based on the detrimental effect of recent legislation in Chile and the potential risk posed by neurorights to the benefits of neuroscience development. This article aims to engage with the scientific community interested in neurotechnology and neurorights in an interdisciplinary reflection of the potential consequences of neurorights.This article is part of the theme issue 'Neurofeedback: new territories and neurocognitive mechanisms of endogenous neuromodulation'.

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宪法中的神经权利:从神经技术到伦理和政治。
作为认知神经科学的新工具和潜在的临床干预手段,脑机接口和神经反馈等神经成像技术发展迅速。然而,随着这些技术的发展,人们对神经技术可能被滥用的担忧也与日俱增。2021 年 10 月,智利成为第一个将神经权写入宪法的国家。本文分为两部分。在第一部分中,我们介绍了神经权被纳入智利宪法的过程,以及神经权讨论通常涉及的神经技术。第二部分,我们将讨论神经权的两个潜在问题。首先,我们指出了神经权在认识论方面的一些问题,主要是神经立法中使用的概念含糊不清,神经科学与政治之间的关系困难,以及立法的紧迫性不强。然后,我们根据智利近期立法的不利影响以及神经权对神经科学发展利益构成的潜在风险,阐述了医学研究中过度保护性法律的危险。本文旨在与对神经技术和神经权感兴趣的科学界人士一起,对神经权的潜在后果进行跨学科反思。本文是 "神经反馈:内源性神经调控的新领域和神经认知机制 "主题期刊的一部分。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
1.60%
发文量
365
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes topics across the life sciences. As long as the core subject lies within the biological sciences, some issues may also include content crossing into other areas such as the physical sciences, social sciences, biophysics, policy, economics etc. Issues generally sit within four broad areas (although many issues sit across these areas): Organismal, environmental and evolutionary biology Neuroscience and cognition Cellular, molecular and developmental biology Health and disease.
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