Research progress into the principles and methods underlying capsular typing of Glaesserella parasuis.

IF 3.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1186/s13567-024-01395-7
Yaxin Zhu, Lijun Guan, Junfeng Zhang, Yun Xue, Zhanqin Zhao
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Abstract

Glaesserella parasuis (GPS) is an important bacterial pathogen of swine. Serotype identification has presented a bottleneck in GPS research since it was first identified as the pathogen causing Glässer's disease in pigs in 1910. This paper presents a systematic review of the history of the development and application of gel immunodiffusion (GID), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing methods for GPS, and the discovery of their shared antigenic basis. It provides a systematic theoretical overview of the immunology and principles underlying the three typing methods and offers new ideas for research into the prevention and control of Glässer's disease. In 1992, GPS was first classified into serotypes 1-15 using GID based on GPS heat-stable antigens, but about 25% of the strains were found to be non-typeable, and the composition of their antigens for serotyping was unclear. In 2003, the IHA method was established based on saline-extracted antigens of GPS, whose sensitivity and typing rate were higher than for GID, although about 15% of strains were still found to be non-typeable. The results of IHA and GID typing are roughly consistent, since they share the same GPS surface polysaccharide serotyping antigens, although whether these are capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, or other polysaccharides, remains to be determined. In 2013, the Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthetic gene clusters from GPS serotypes 1-15 were successfully analyzed, confirming that CPS is essential for the formation of antigens for serotyping. In 2015, primers were designed based on the specific target genes of GPS capsules to establish a PCR typing method (H-PCR) for GPS, which, however, could not identify serotypes 5 and 12. In 2017, a new PCR typing method (J-PCR) was established based on the specific target genes of GPS capsules, which could identify serotypes 5 and 12. A combination of the two PCR typing methods enables the typing of almost all GPS strains, and the consistency with GID and IHA was verified using molecular biological methods. The antigenic basis of the three typing methods was shown to involve the GPS capsule. PCR typing methods are characterized by simple operation, fast speed, and low cost, and can successfully solve many problems in GID and IHA serotyping, and so have become widely adopted.

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对寄生璃濑氏菌的蒴果分型原理和方法的研究进展。
寄生格氏菌(Glaesserella parasuis,GPS)是猪的一种重要细菌病原体。自 1910 年首次确定其为导致猪格莱瑟病的病原体以来,血清型鉴定一直是 GPS 研究的瓶颈。本文系统回顾了凝胶免疫扩散(GID)、间接血凝试验(IHA)和聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等 GPS 分型方法的发展和应用历史,以及它们共同抗原基础的发现。该书对三种分型方法所依据的免疫学和原理进行了系统的理论概述,并为格莱瑟病的预防和控制研究提供了新思路。1992 年,根据全球定位系统热稳定抗原,首次使用 GID 将全球定位系统分为 1-15 个血清型,但发现约有 25% 的菌株无法分型,而且其血清型抗原的组成也不明确。2003 年,根据 GPS 的生理盐水提取抗原建立了 IHA 方法,其灵敏度和分型率均高于 GID,但仍发现约 15%的菌株无法分型。IHA和GID的分型结果基本一致,因为它们共享相同的GPS表面多糖血清分型抗原,但这些抗原是胶囊多糖、脂多糖还是其他多糖仍有待确定。2013年,成功分析了GPS血清型1-15的荚膜多糖(CPS)合成基因簇,证实CPS是形成血清型抗原的必要条件。2015 年,根据 GPS 胶囊的特异性靶基因设计了引物,建立了 GPS 的 PCR 分型方法(H-PCR),但无法识别血清型 5 和 12。2017 年,根据 GPS 胶囊的特异性靶基因建立了一种新的 PCR 分型方法(J-PCR),该方法可以识别血清型 5 和 12。结合这两种PCR分型方法,几乎可以对所有GPS菌株进行分型,并利用分子生物学方法验证了与GID和IHA的一致性。三种分型方法的抗原基础均涉及 GPS 胶囊。PCR分型方法具有操作简单、速度快、成本低等特点,能成功解决GID和IHA血清分型中的许多问题,因此已被广泛采用。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Research
Veterinary Research 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.50%
发文量
92
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Veterinary Research is an open access journal that publishes high quality and novel research and review articles focusing on all aspects of infectious diseases and host-pathogen interaction in animals.
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