Human Exposure through the Diet to Arsenic and Other Toxic Elements: A Literature Review of Scientific Studies Conducted in Catalonia, Spain, in the Current Century.

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Toxics Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100749
Jose L Domingo
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Abstract

Human exposure to arsenic and other toxic elements such as cadmium, lead and mercury may lead to a wide range of adverse health effects. In relation to this, it is well established that the diet is the main route of exposure to both essential and toxic trace elements. In recent years, the levels of toxic elements in foodstuffs have been measured in numerous studies conducted all over the world. Scientific databases show that, in the current century, China and Spain have been the countries where the most surveys on this topic have been carried out. Regarding Spain, Catalonia is the region where most studies aimed at determining the concentrations of trace elements in food have been performed. The objective of this paper was to review the studies carried out in Catalonia on the concentrations of As and toxic metals (including Cd, Hg and Pb) in food, as well as their estimated dietary intakes (EDIs). The results of total diet studies (TDSs) and duplicate diet (DD) studies have been included. For most toxic elements, a continued reduction in the EDI has been observed. This reduction is associated with a decrease in their concentrations in food, and with certain changes in dietary habits. Fish and seafood is the food group showing the highest content of toxic elements. However, none of the adult groups exceeded-in general-the safety thresholds for As, Cd, Hg and Pb established by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA).

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人类通过饮食接触砷和其他有毒元素:本世纪西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区科学研究文献综述》。
人类接触砷和其他有毒元素(如镉、铅和汞)可能会对健康产生广泛的不利影响。在这方面,饮食是人体摄入必需元素和有毒微量元素的主要途径,这一点已得到公认。近年来,世界各地进行了大量研究,测量食品中有毒元素的含量。科学数据库显示,在本世纪,中国和西班牙是开展这方面调查最多的国家。就西班牙而言,加泰罗尼亚地区是研究食品中微量元素浓度最多的地区。本文旨在回顾加泰罗尼亚地区就食物中砷和有毒金属(包括镉、汞和铅)的浓度及其估计膳食摄入量(EDI)所开展的研究。其中包括总膳食研究(TDS)和重复膳食研究(DD)的结果。大多数有毒元素的膳食摄入量持续下降。这种降低与食物中有毒元素浓度的降低以及饮食习惯的某些改变有关。鱼类和海产品是有毒元素含量最高的食物类别。不过,总的来说,所有成人食品都没有超过欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)规定的砷、镉、汞和铅的安全阈值。
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来源期刊
Toxics
Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.
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