The Emission Characteristics and Health Risks of Firefighter-Accessed Fire: A Review.

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Toxics Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100739

Xuan Tian, Yan Cheng, Shiting Chen, Song Liu, Yanli Wang, Xinyi Niu, Jian Sun

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Abstract

The exacerbation of wildfires caused by global warming poses a significant threat to human health and environmental integrity. This review examines the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants resulting from fire incidents and their impacts on individual health, with a specific focus on the occupational hazards faced by firefighters. Of particular concern is the release of carbon-containing gases and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) from forest fires and urban conflagrations, which exceed the recommended limits and pose severe health risks. Firefighters exposed to these pollutants demonstrate an elevated risk of developing pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and cancer compared to the general population, indicating an urgent need for enhanced protective measures and health management strategies for firefighters. Through a meticulous analysis of the current research findings, this review delineates future research directions, focusing on the composition and properties of these pollutants, the impacts of fire-emitted pollutants on human health, and the development of novel protective technologies.

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消防员着火的排放特征和健康风险：综述。

全球变暖导致野火加剧，对人类健康和环境完整性构成了重大威胁。本综述研究了火灾事故产生的颗粒物 (PM) 和气体污染物及其对个人健康的影响，特别关注消防员面临的职业危害。森林火灾和城市火灾释放的含碳气体和细颗粒物（PM2.5）尤其令人担忧，它们超出了建议的限值，对健康构成严重威胁。与普通人群相比，暴露在这些污染物中的消防员患肺病、心血管疾病和癌症的风险更高，这表明迫切需要加强对消防员的保护措施和健康管理策略。本综述通过对当前研究成果的细致分析，确定了未来的研究方向，重点关注这些污染物的成分和特性、火灾排放的污染物对人体健康的影响以及新型防护技术的开发。

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来源期刊

Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

10.90%

发文量

681

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.