Discussion of Emotions Among Newly Diagnosed Non-Hispanic White and Chinese American Patients With Breast Cancer and Their Oncologists.

Abstract

This qualitative study analyzed how Chinese American (CA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) breast cancer patients and their oncologists communicated about patients' emotional concerns. Data included twenty-four recordings of clinical encounters between oncologists and four CA and eight NHW women with a new breast cancer diagnosis between 2013 and 2015. Using an interactional sociolinguistics approach to discourse analysis, we examined how CA and NHW patients and their oncologists initiated conversations about patients' emotions. We also categorized oncologists' responses by whether oncologists turned toward, turned away, or remained neutral to patients' emotions. When bringing up emotions with oncologists, NHW patients brought up social and personal life topics, whereas CA patients only brought up biomedical topics. We also observed that oncologists initiated discussions about emotions with only English-speaking patients of both racial groups. There were no observed differences in how oncologists remained neutral to or turned away from both CA and NHW patients' emotional expressions. When oncologists turned away from patients' emotions, they did so to solve administrative or biomedical problems. In conclusion, the findings suggest that CA patients' racial backgrounds and the language spoken during the encounters may influence how patients and oncologists initiate discussion about patients' emotions. Furthermore, the findings suggest that oncologists remain neutral and turn away from CA and NHW patients' emotions in similar ways. This study provides preliminary data for more comprehensive investigations of Asian American cancer patients' actual communication with their providers regarding emotions and treatment decisions to facilitate patient-provider communication quality.