Postnatal Development of the Circadian Rhythmicity of Human Pineal Melatonin Synthesis and Secretion (Systematic Review).

IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Children-Basel Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI:10.3390/children11101197
Ekkehart Paditz
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Abstract

Introduction: According to current knowledge, at birth, the pineal gland and melatonin receptors are already present and the suprachiasmatic nucleus is largely functional, and noradrenaline, the key pineal transmitter, can be detected in the early foetal period. It is still unclear why the pineal gland is not able to start its own pulsatile synthesis and secretion of melatonin in the first months of life, and as a result, infants during this time are dependent on an external supply of melatonin. Method: The causes and consequences of this physiological melatonin deficiency in human infancy are examined in a systematic review of the literature, in which 40 of 115 initially selected publications were evaluated in detail. The references of these studies were checked for relevant studies on this topic. References from previous reviews by the author were taken into account. Results: The development and differentiation of the pineal gland, the pinealocytes, as the site of melatonin synthesis, and the development and synaptic coupling of the associated predominantly noradrenergic neural pathways and vessels and the associated Lhx4 homebox only occurs during the first year of life. Discussion: The resulting physiological melatonin deficiency is associated with sleep disorders, infant colic, and increased crying in babies. Intervention studies indicate that this deficiency should be compensated for through breastfeeding, the administration of nonpooled donor milk, or through industrially produced chrononutrition made from nonpooled cow's milk with melatonin-poor day milk and melatonin-rich night milk.

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人类松果体褪黑激素合成和分泌的昼夜节律在出生后的发展(系统综述)。
导言:根据目前的知识,婴儿出生时,松果体和褪黑激素受体已经存在,丘脑上核也已基本发挥功能,在胎儿早期就能检测到松果体的主要递质--去甲肾上腺素。目前还不清楚为什么松果体在婴儿出生后的头几个月无法开始自身搏动性合成和分泌褪黑激素,因此,婴儿在此期间需要依赖外部供应的褪黑激素。方法:通过系统性的文献综述研究了人类婴儿期褪黑激素生理性缺乏的原因和后果,其中详细评估了 115 篇初步选定的出版物中的 40 篇。对这些研究的参考文献进行了核对,以查找与该主题相关的研究。作者以前的综述参考文献也被考虑在内。研究结果作为褪黑激素合成场所的松果体、松果体细胞的发育和分化,以及相关的主要去肾上腺素能神经通路和血管以及相关的 Lhx4 同源框的发育和突触耦合,仅发生在婴儿出生后的第一年。讨论:由此导致的生理性褪黑激素缺乏与睡眠障碍、婴儿肠绞痛和婴儿哭闹增多有关。干预研究表明,应通过母乳喂养、服用非母乳喂养的供体奶,或通过用非母乳喂养的牛乳与褪黑激素贫乏的日用奶和褪黑激素丰富的夜用奶制成的工业化生产的 "chrononutrition "来弥补这种不足。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Children-Basel
Children-Basel PEDIATRICS-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
16.70%
发文量
1735
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Children is an international, open access journal dedicated to a streamlined, yet scientifically rigorous, dissemination of peer-reviewed science related to childhood health and disease in developed and developing countries. The publication focuses on sharing clinical, epidemiological and translational science relevant to children’s health. Moreover, the primary goals of the publication are to highlight under‑represented pediatric disciplines, to emphasize interdisciplinary research and to disseminate advances in knowledge in global child health. In addition to original research, the journal publishes expert editorials and commentaries, clinical case reports, and insightful communications reflecting the latest developments in pediatric medicine. By publishing meritorious articles as soon as the editorial review process is completed, rather than at predefined intervals, Children also permits rapid open access sharing of new information, allowing us to reach the broadest audience in the most expedient fashion.
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