Coronary embolism and acute limb ischemia without pre-existing atrial fibrillation: Hunt for the hidden thrombus

Abstract

Coronary embolism (CE) is an infrequent etiology of myocardial infarction secondary to embolization of occlusive thrombi within the coronary arteries, typically arising in patients with pre-existing atrial fibrillation. Clinical presentation is similar to atherosclerotic myocardial infarction, however the condition is likely underrecognized. The simultaneous presence of other embolic manifestations may assist with diagnosis, although definitive therapy, medical or interventional, remains inconclusive. We aim to lower the threshold for clinical suspicion in the appropriate setting and promote assessment of predisposing embolic conditions once a tentative diagnosis of CE is established. In addition, we intend to highlight the need for focused refinement of the existing diagnostic criteria and further optimization of management guidelines for CE.