Injury mechanisms in high-speed transplanting of over aged rice seedlings

IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.006
Tingjue Wang, Menghao Shi, Dongdong Xi, Dongdong Sun, Fuming Kuang, Wei Xiong, Shun Zhang, Dequan Zhu
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Abstract

The mechanical transplanting of over aged seedlings (OAS) of rice poses several challenges, including seedling mortality and a significant delay in the greening period, which severely restrict yield. The causes of these issues remain unknown. Through theoretical analysis, mechanical tests, bench tests, and growth experiments were conducted to explore the reasons for seedling mortality and the significant delay in the greening period from the perspectives of seedlings, transplanting machines, and post-transplant growth. The results indicated that OAS transplanting causes combined root and stem injuries. For 40-day-old seedlings, the energy required for stem elasto-plastic deformation ranged from 1.37 to 7.19 N mm. Within this deformation range, the stem sustains internal injury but is not considered as injured seedling. The main factors influencing stem injury were the stem's major axis length and elastic modulus, whereas root injury was primarily affected by root diameter. Root and stem injuries significantly inhibited seedling growth, as demonstrated by significant structural changes in the stem 3 days post-transplantation, along with partial seedling mortality. New roots emerged only 9 days post-transplantation, and the heart leaf growth rate and SPAD value at 12 days were only 49% and 77% those of uninjured transplanted seedlings, respectively. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the seedling mortality and significant delay in the greening period observed in OAS transplantation are due to inhibited nutrient absorption and transport, caused by stem elasto-plastic deformation and weakened root vitality. These results may serve as a basis for improving transplanting machine design and optimising rice cultivation practices.
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超龄水稻秧苗高速插秧的损伤机制
水稻机械移栽过老秧苗(OAS)会带来一些挑战,包括秧苗死亡和返青期明显延迟,严重限制了产量。造成这些问题的原因尚不清楚。通过理论分析、机械试验、台架试验和生长实验,从秧苗、插秧机和插秧后生长的角度探讨了秧苗死亡和返青期显著延迟的原因。结果表明,OAS 移栽会造成根部和茎部的双重伤害。对于 40 天的秧苗,茎杆弹塑性变形所需的能量范围为 1.37 至 7.19 N mm。在此变形范围内,茎会受到内伤,但不被视为受伤秧苗。影响茎损伤的主要因素是茎的主轴长度和弹性模量,而根损伤主要受根直径的影响。根和茎的损伤明显抑制了幼苗的生长,移植后 3 天,茎的结构发生了显著变化,部分幼苗死亡。移植后 9 天,新根才萌发,12 天时的心叶生长率和 SPAD 值分别只有未受伤移植秧苗的 49% 和 77%。根据这些发现,可以得出结论:OAS 移植过程中出现的幼苗死亡和返青期显著延迟现象,是由于茎干弹性变形和根系活力减弱导致营养吸收和运输受抑制所致。这些结果可作为改进插秧机设计和优化水稻栽培方法的依据。
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来源期刊
Biosystems Engineering
Biosystems Engineering 农林科学-农业工程
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
7.80%
发文量
239
审稿时长
53 days
期刊介绍: Biosystems Engineering publishes research in engineering and the physical sciences that represent advances in understanding or modelling of the performance of biological systems for sustainable developments in land use and the environment, agriculture and amenity, bioproduction processes and the food chain. The subject matter of the journal reflects the wide range and interdisciplinary nature of research in engineering for biological systems.
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