Injury mechanisms in high-speed transplanting of over aged rice seedlings

IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Biosystems Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.006
{"title":"Injury mechanisms in high-speed transplanting of over aged rice seedlings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical transplanting of over aged seedlings (OAS) of rice poses several challenges, including seedling mortality and a significant delay in the greening period, which severely restrict yield. The causes of these issues remain unknown. Through theoretical analysis, mechanical tests, bench tests, and growth experiments were conducted to explore the reasons for seedling mortality and the significant delay in the greening period from the perspectives of seedlings, transplanting machines, and post-transplant growth. The results indicated that OAS transplanting causes combined root and stem injuries. For 40-day-old seedlings, the energy required for stem elasto-plastic deformation ranged from 1.37 to 7.19 N mm. Within this deformation range, the stem sustains internal injury but is not considered as injured seedling. The main factors influencing stem injury were the stem's major axis length and elastic modulus, whereas root injury was primarily affected by root diameter. Root and stem injuries significantly inhibited seedling growth, as demonstrated by significant structural changes in the stem 3 days post-transplantation, along with partial seedling mortality. New roots emerged only 9 days post-transplantation, and the heart leaf growth rate and SPAD value at 12 days were only 49% and 77% those of uninjured transplanted seedlings, respectively. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the seedling mortality and significant delay in the greening period observed in OAS transplantation are due to inhibited nutrient absorption and transport, caused by stem elasto-plastic deformation and weakened root vitality. These results may serve as a basis for improving transplanting machine design and optimising rice cultivation practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9173,"journal":{"name":"Biosystems Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biosystems Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537511024002319","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

The mechanical transplanting of over aged seedlings (OAS) of rice poses several challenges, including seedling mortality and a significant delay in the greening period, which severely restrict yield. The causes of these issues remain unknown. Through theoretical analysis, mechanical tests, bench tests, and growth experiments were conducted to explore the reasons for seedling mortality and the significant delay in the greening period from the perspectives of seedlings, transplanting machines, and post-transplant growth. The results indicated that OAS transplanting causes combined root and stem injuries. For 40-day-old seedlings, the energy required for stem elasto-plastic deformation ranged from 1.37 to 7.19 N mm. Within this deformation range, the stem sustains internal injury but is not considered as injured seedling. The main factors influencing stem injury were the stem's major axis length and elastic modulus, whereas root injury was primarily affected by root diameter. Root and stem injuries significantly inhibited seedling growth, as demonstrated by significant structural changes in the stem 3 days post-transplantation, along with partial seedling mortality. New roots emerged only 9 days post-transplantation, and the heart leaf growth rate and SPAD value at 12 days were only 49% and 77% those of uninjured transplanted seedlings, respectively. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the seedling mortality and significant delay in the greening period observed in OAS transplantation are due to inhibited nutrient absorption and transport, caused by stem elasto-plastic deformation and weakened root vitality. These results may serve as a basis for improving transplanting machine design and optimising rice cultivation practices.
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
超龄水稻秧苗高速插秧的损伤机制
水稻机械移栽过老秧苗(OAS)会带来一些挑战,包括秧苗死亡和返青期明显延迟,严重限制了产量。造成这些问题的原因尚不清楚。通过理论分析、机械试验、台架试验和生长实验,从秧苗、插秧机和插秧后生长的角度探讨了秧苗死亡和返青期显著延迟的原因。结果表明,OAS 移栽会造成根部和茎部的双重伤害。对于 40 天的秧苗,茎杆弹塑性变形所需的能量范围为 1.37 至 7.19 N mm。在此变形范围内,茎会受到内伤,但不被视为受伤秧苗。影响茎损伤的主要因素是茎的主轴长度和弹性模量,而根损伤主要受根直径的影响。根和茎的损伤明显抑制了幼苗的生长,移植后 3 天,茎的结构发生了显著变化,部分幼苗死亡。移植后 9 天,新根才萌发,12 天时的心叶生长率和 SPAD 值分别只有未受伤移植秧苗的 49% 和 77%。根据这些发现,可以得出结论:OAS 移植过程中出现的幼苗死亡和返青期显著延迟现象,是由于茎干弹性变形和根系活力减弱导致营养吸收和运输受抑制所致。这些结果可作为改进插秧机设计和优化水稻栽培方法的依据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
Biosystems Engineering
Biosystems Engineering 农林科学-农业工程
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
7.80%
发文量
239
审稿时长
53 days
期刊介绍: Biosystems Engineering publishes research in engineering and the physical sciences that represent advances in understanding or modelling of the performance of biological systems for sustainable developments in land use and the environment, agriculture and amenity, bioproduction processes and the food chain. The subject matter of the journal reflects the wide range and interdisciplinary nature of research in engineering for biological systems.
期刊最新文献
Scaled experimental study of a ventilation system featuring partition jet and pit exhaust Simulation and experimental study on frictional wear of plough blades in soil cultivation process based on the Archard model Harvest motion planning for mango picking robot based on improved RRT-Connect Enhancing hydraulic efficiency in jet impingement sprinklers: Comparative analysis of aperture ratios compared with non-impingement sprinklers Verifying the reliability of CFD domain decomposition technique on modelling the airflow field inside a naturally ventilated cattle barn
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1