SLM-DFS: A systematic literature map of deepfake spread on social media

Abstract

In recent years, deepfakes (DFs)-realistically manipulated media created using artificial intelligence—have raised significant concerns. As this technology evolves, the urgency for effective detection methods to counter misuse intensifies. Computer science researchers are increasingly focused on stopping the spread of deepfakes (DFs) on social media. However, there has been no comprehensive overview of research in this area. This paper presents a systematic literature map that analyzes research on DF spread on social media from 286 primary studies published between 2018 and June 2024. The studies are categorized by their research type, contribution and focus, revealing a predominant emphasis on detection solutions. Notably, there are significant gaps in evaluating these solutions, using digital interventions to curb dissemination, and managing DF propagation. This literature map will aid researchers, practitioners, and policymakers navigate the rapidly evolving field of DF detection by presenting a structured overview of the available knowledge. The findings of this literature map suggest that DF detection is a multidisciplinary field that requires collaboration between experts in computer vision, machine learning, cybersecurity, and media forensics to address its current and future challenges