Characterization of the thermomechanical and aging behaviour of PAEK and CF/PAEK composites under long-term high-temperatures

Abstract

The growing use of poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) polymers reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) aims to meet the increasing demand for thermoplastic composites in applications that require excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability at higher temperatures. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of PAEK and CF/PAEK composites under long-term high-temperature exposure (150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C) for durations of 15, 30, and 45 days, aiming to elucidate the durability mechanisms and enhance understanding of their performance. Specifically, the changes in the flexural properties and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of the materials were evaluated after long-term high-temperature treatment. The results indicated that both PAEK and CF/PAEK composites possess substantial potential for long-term high-temperature applications, with CF not significantly altering the fundamental high-temperature response of the PAEK matrix. Regarding durability mechanisms, at 150 °C, PAEK's amorphous region undergoes chain reorientation, while temperatures of 200 °C and 250 °C induce significant secondary crystallization, which significantly improved the high-temperature mechanical properties of these materials. Additionally, at temperatures up to 250 °C, shorter linear chain fragments form through oxidative scission in PAEK's amorphous molecular chains. This work not only enriches the existing data on the properties of PAEK and CF/PAEK composites after long-term high-temperature treatment, but also provides further insights into their durability mechanisms.