High-Speed Three-Dimensional-Digital Image Correlation and Schlieren Imaging Integrated With Shock Tube Loading for Investigating Dynamic Response of Human Tympanic Membrane Exposed to Blasts.

Anahita Alipanahi, Jonathan Oliveira Luiz, John J Rosowski, Cosme Furlong, Jeffrey Tao Cheng
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Abstract

Investigating the dynamic response of human tympanic membranes (TMs) exposed to blasts requires full-field-of-view and three-dimensional (3D) methodologies. Our paper introduces a system that combines high-speed 3D digital image correlation (HS 3D-DIC) and Schlieren imaging (HS-SI) with a custom-designed shock tube for generating blast waves. This integrated system allows us to measure TM surface motions under intense transient loading, capturing full-field-of-view shape deformations exceeding 100 μm with a temporal resolution of 10 μs. System characterization encompasses (i) measuring the shock tube's output levels and repeatability, (ii) assessment of the spatial and temporal resolutions of the imaging techniques, and (iii) identification of overall system limitations. Optimizing these factors is crucial for improving the reliability of our system to ensure the accurate measurement of deformations. To assess our shock tube's reliability in generating repeated blast waves, we instrumented it with high-pressure (HP) and high-frequency (HF) pressure sensors along the blast wave pathway to record overpressure waveforms and compared them with Schlieren imaging visualized blast waves. We validate our HS 3D-DIC measured deformations by comparing them with deformations measured using single-point laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), establishing a comprehensive assessment of the TM's dynamic response and potential fracture mechanics under blast. Finally, we test our approach with 3D-printed TM-like samples and a real cadaveric human TM. This methodology lays the groundwork for further investigations of blast-related auditory damage and the invention of more effective protective and medical solutions.

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高速三维数字图像相关性和 Schlieren 图像与冲击管加载相结合,用于研究暴露于爆炸物的人体鼓膜的动态响应。
研究人体鼓膜(TM)暴露于爆炸物时的动态反应需要全视场和三维(3D)方法。我们的论文介绍了一种将高速三维数字图像相关性(HS 3D-DIC )和 Schlieren 成像(HS-SI)与用于产生爆炸波的定制设计的冲击管相结合的系统。这种集成系统使我们能够测量强烈瞬态加载下的 TM 表面运动,捕捉超过 100 μm 的全视场形状变形,时间分辨率为 10 μs。系统鉴定包括:(i) 测量冲击管的输出水平和可重复性;(ii) 评估成像技术的空间和时间分辨率;(iii) 确定整个系统的局限性。优化这些因素对于提高我们系统的可靠性以确保精确测量变形至关重要。为了评估冲击管在产生重复冲击波时的可靠性,我们在冲击波路径上安装了高压(HP)和高频(HF)压力传感器,以记录超压波形,并将其与 Schlieren 成像可视化冲击波进行比较。我们将 HS 3D-DIC 测量的变形与单点激光多普勒测振仪 (LDV) 测量的变形进行比较,从而验证我们的 HS 3D-DIC 测量变形,建立了对爆破下 TM 动态响应和潜在断裂力学的全面评估。最后,我们用 3D 打印的 TM 样品和真实的人体尸体 TM 对我们的方法进行了测试。这种方法为进一步研究与爆炸相关的听觉损伤以及发明更有效的保护和医疗解决方案奠定了基础。
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