Association of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity with chronic kidney disease in participants with hypertension.

Abstract

Background: In Korea, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly prevalent among adults with hypertension, of which approximately 30% of the population is affected. Despite the recognized benefits of adherence to physical activity (PA) recommendations, including aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA), the impact of such adherence on the prevalence of CKD in individuals with hypertension has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the association between aerobic PA and MSA levels, and the prevalence of CKD in individuals with hypertension.

Methods: This study included 5,078 individuals with hypertension using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2021). PA levels were measured as min/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) based on self-reports, and MSA was quantified as the number of days per week. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between meeting PA guidelines and CKD after adjusting for potential confounders. Additionally, a joint analysis was conducted to assess the combined effects of MVPA and MSA on CKD.

Results: After adjusting for all covariates, higher MVPA was associated with a lower prevalence of CKD. Compared to the group with inactive, the group with MVPA 1-149 min/week had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-1.05), the group that met the MVPA 150-299 min/week criteria had an OR of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.62-1.17), and the group that met the MVPA ≥ 300 min/week criteria had an OR of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.37-0.76). MSA alone did not show a significant association with CKD. In the joint analysis, the group that met the MVPA and MSA guidelines had the lowest OR of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.34-0.86), compared to the group that did not meet either.

Conclusions: MVPA was associated with the prevalence of CKD in participants with hypertension but not in those with MSA alone. However, compared with the group that did not meet both guidelines, the group that met both guidelines showed the lowest prevalence of CKD.