The community food environment as an effect modifier of the relationship between racial discrimination and food insecurity among adults in Southern Brazil.

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH International Journal for Equity in Health Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI:10.1186/s12939-024-02311-3
Emanuele Bottega de Vargas, Mariane da Silva Dias, Ilaine Schuch, Priscila Bárbara Zanini Rosa, Marcos Fanton, Raquel Canuto
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Abstract

Background: Racial discrimination is linked to unhealthy food environments and a higher prevalence of food insecurity. However, no study has explored their interrelated effects. We analyzed the relationship between racial discrimination, community food environment, and food insecurity in adults of different socioeconomic status. We also investigated the potential modifying effect of the food environment on the relationship between racism and food insecurity.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 400 adults aged 20-70 years residing in the central area of ​​Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul state. Race and racial discrimination were assessed by self-reported race/skin color using the Experiences of Discrimination scale (EOD), respectively. The food environment was assessed using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) tool. Food insecurity was assessed using the short version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA for short, in Portuguese). Poisson regression with robust variance was employed for the multivariate analysis.

Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was higher in areas with a poorer food environment (areas 1 and 3; 56.6% and 58.8%, respectively). Racial discrimination was associated with food insecurity, where every 1-point increase in the racial discrimination score increased the likelihood of food insecurity by 7% (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.20). When stratifying the analyses by food environment, racial discrimination was associated with food insecurity only in areas with a poorer food environment (PR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.10).

Conclusions: Experiences of racial discrimination were associated with a higher prevalence of food insecurity in the study population. The community food environment was an effect modifier of this relationship, highlighting the relevance of interventions in the food environment focused on areas with a greater presence of Black people as a way of combating racism and food insecurity.

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社区食品环境是巴西南部成年人中种族歧视与食品不安全之间关系的影响调节因素。
背景:种族歧视与不健康的食品环境和较高的食品不安全流行率有关。然而,还没有研究探讨过它们之间的相互影响。我们分析了不同社会经济地位的成年人中种族歧视、社区食品环境和食品不安全之间的关系。我们还调查了食品环境对种族主义与食品不安全之间关系的潜在调节作用:这是一项横断面研究,研究对象是居住在南里奥格兰德州首府阿雷格里港中心地区的 400 名 20-70 岁的成年人。种族和种族歧视分别通过使用歧视经历量表(EOD)对自我报告的种族/肤色进行评估。食品环境采用 "商店营养环境测量调查"(NEMS-S)工具进行评估。食品不安全状况采用巴西食品不安全量表(葡萄牙语简称 EBIA)简版进行评估。多变量分析采用了稳健方差泊松回归法:结果:在食品环境较差的地区(地区 1 和地区 3,分别为 56.6%和 58.8%),食品不安全的发生率较高。种族歧视与粮食不安全相关,种族歧视得分每增加 1 分,粮食不安全的可能性就会增加 7%(患病率比 [PR] 1.07;95% CI,1.03-1.20)。如果按食品环境进行分层分析,只有在食品环境较差的地区,种族歧视才与食品不安全有关(PR 1.06;95% CI,1.01-1.10):结论:在研究人群中,种族歧视经历与较高的粮食不安全发生率相关。社区食品环境是这一关系的效应调节器,突出了在黑人较多的地区采取食品环境干预措施作为打击种族主义和食品不安全的一种方式的相关性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
4.20%
发文量
162
审稿时长
28 weeks
期刊介绍: International Journal for Equity in Health is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal presenting evidence relevant to the search for, and attainment of, equity in health across and within countries. International Journal for Equity in Health aims to improve the understanding of issues that influence the health of populations. This includes the discussion of political, policy-related, economic, social and health services-related influences, particularly with regard to systematic differences in distributions of one or more aspects of health in population groups defined demographically, geographically, or socially.
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