Social Comparison, Social Indispensability, or Both? On the Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Effort Gains in Swimming Relays.

IF 2 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1123/jsep.2024-0034
Ann-Kathrin Torka, Joachim Hüffmeier, Sebastian Fischer, Claudia Braun
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Abstract

Members of swimming relays often show effort gains in relays (i.e., more effort and faster swimming times in the relay vs. the individual competition). The weakest relay members typically exhibit the most pronounced effort gains. However, the underlying psychological processes are unclear. Prior research suggests social comparisons with stronger fellow relay members, perceived social indispensability, or a combination of both processes as plausible mediators. In Study 1, using linear mixed model and regression analyses on N = 239 observations from 222 elite U.S. college swimmers, we found empirical support only for the social indispensability hypothesis. Study 2, a survey among N = 46 German national team swimmers, substantiated the results, because the athletes most often mentioned processes related to social indispensability as motivating them. Our findings offer theoretical conclusions for expectancy × value models on team member effort expenditure and practical implications for coaching and selecting the weakest members for swimming relays.

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社会比较、社会不可或缺性或两者兼而有之?游泳接力赛中努力增益的心理机制》。
游泳接力的成员往往在接力中显示出努力程度的提高(即接力与个人比赛相比,努力程度更高,游泳时间更快)。最弱的接力成员通常表现出最明显的努力增益。然而,其背后的心理过程尚不清楚。先前的研究表明,与实力较强的接力同伴进行社会比较、感知到社会的不可或缺性或这两种过程的结合是合理的中介因素。在研究 1 中,我们使用线性混合模型和回归分析对来自 222 名美国大学精英游泳运动员的 239 个观察结果进行了分析,发现只有社会不可或缺性假说得到了实证支持。研究 2 是对 N = 46 名德国国家游泳队运动员进行的一项调查,结果证实了这一假设,因为运动员们最常提到与社会不可或缺性相关的过程对他们产生了激励作用。我们的研究结果为团队成员努力支出的期望 × 价值模型提供了理论结论,并对游泳接力的教练和选择最弱成员产生了实际影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
39
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP) is a peer-reviewed publication designed to stimulate and communicate research theory in all areas of sport and exercise psychology. JSEP emphasizes original research reports that advance our understanding of human behavior as it relates to sport and exercise. Comprehensive reviews employing both qualitative and quantitative methods are also encouraged, as well as brief reports of soundly designed research studies that are of special interest or importance. Areas of interest include research in social, clinical, developmental, and experimental psychology, as well as psychobiology and personality. Moreover, the terms sport and exercise may pertain to either the independent or dependent variables. Generally speaking, work on motor control processes, studies of sport as a social institution, or broader social issues are beyond the scope of JSEP. A wide variety of methods are acceptable for studying sport and exercise psychology topics.
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