The Relative Importance of Ocean Advection and Surface Heat Fluxes During the Madden–Julian Oscillation in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model

IF 3.3 2区 地球科学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1029/2024JC021515
E. Karlowska, A. J. Matthews, B. G. M. Webber, T. Graham, P. Xavier
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Abstract

Intraseasonal variability of ocean surface mixed layer temperature (MLT) in the tropics can be linked to the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), the main source of intraseasonal atmospheric variability in the tropics. Here, we conduct a boreal winter mixed layer heat budget using 10-day forecast composites of a coupled ocean–atmosphere Numerical Weather Prediction model of the UK Met Office to reveal that ocean advection plays a major role in modulating intraseasonal anomalies of MLT over the tropical Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent. Large scale ( ${\sim} $ 10 ${\circ}$ ) intraseasonal anomalies of MLT ( ${\sim} $ 0.1 ${\circ}$ C) are driven by net surface heat flux. Ocean advection dominates at smaller horizontal scales ( ${\sim} $ 1 ${\circ}$ ), contributing up to 0.5 ${\circ}$ C to the intraseasonal MLT anomaly. Prior to the development of the enhanced MJO convection in the western Indian Ocean (phases 8 and 1), ocean advection reinforces the net heat flux warming in this region. However, ocean advection opposes the net heat flux warming in the Maritime Continent prior to the development of suppressed MJO convection in this region. When the MJO convection develops over the central Indian Ocean (phase 3), ocean advection (net surface heat flux) drives the intraseasonal MLT anomalies in the western Indian Ocean (central Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent). Our results demonstrate the importance of ocean dynamics during the initiation and growth of the MJO, and raise implications for models that do not resolve these processes.

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海洋-大气耦合模式中马登-朱利安涛动期间海洋对流和表面热通量的相对重要性
热带海洋表层混合层温度(MLT)的季节内变化与马登-朱利安涛动(MJO)有关,MJO 是热带季节内大气变化的主要来源。在这里,我们利用英国气象局的海洋-大气耦合数值天气预报模式的 10 天预报合成数据,进行了北半球冬季混合层热量预算,揭示了海洋平流在调节热带印度洋和海洋大陆上空 MLT 季内异常中的主要作用。大尺度(∼ $\{sim} $ 10 ◦ ${circ}$)MLT 季内异常(∼ ${sim} $ 0.1 ◦ ${circ}$C)是由净表面热通量驱动的。在较小的水平尺度上(∼ ${\sim} $ 1 ◦ ${circ}$),海洋对流占主导地位,对季节内多层面热量异常的贡献高达 0.5 ◦ ${circ}$C。在西印度洋 MJO 对流增强之前(阶段 8 和 1),海洋对流加强了这一区域的净热通量变暖。然而,在海上大陆出现受抑制的 MJO 对流之前,海洋平流会阻碍该地区的净热通量变暖。当 MJO 对流在中印度洋(第 3 阶段)发展时,海洋平流(净表面热通量)驱动了西印度洋(中印度洋和海洋大陆)的季内 MLT 异常。我们的研究结果表明了海洋动力学在 MJO 开始和发展过程中的重要性,并对没有解决这些过程的模式提出了启示。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans Earth and Planetary Sciences-Oceanography
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
13.90%
发文量
429
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