Molecular evolution of toothed whale genes reveals adaptations to echolocating in different environments.

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY BMC Genomics Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1186/s12864-024-10910-1
L Magpali, E Ramos, A Picorelli, L Freitas, M F Nery
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Echolocation was a key development in toothed whale evolution, enabling their adaptation and diversification across various environments. Previous bioacoustic and morphological studies suggest that environmental pressures have influenced the evolution of echolocation in toothed whales. This hypothesis demands further investigation, especially regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive radiation of toothed whales across multiple habitats. Here we show that the coding sequences of four hearing genes involved in echolocation (CDH23, prestin, TMC1, and CLDN14) have different signatures of molecular evolution among riverine, coastal, and oceanic dolphins, suggesting that the evolutionary constraints of these habitats shaped the underlying genetic diversity of the toothed whale sonar.

Results: Our comparative analysis across 37 odontocete species revealed patterns of accelerated evolution within coastal and riverine lineages, supporting the hypothesis that shallow habitats pose specific selective pressures to sonar propagation, which are not found in the deep ocean. All toothed whales with genes evolving under positive selection are shallow coastal species, including three species that have recently diverged from freshwater lineages (Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Sotalia guianensis, and Orcaella heinsohni - CDH23), and three species that operate specialized Narrow Band High Frequency (NBHF) Sonars (Phocoena sinus - prestin, Neophocaena phocaenoides - TMC1 and Cephalorhynchus commersonii - CDH23). For river dolphins and deep-diving toothed whales, we found signatures of positive selection and molecular convergence affecting specific sites on CDH23, TMC1, and prestin. Positively selected sites (PSS) were different in number, identity, and substitution rates (dN/dS) across riverine, coastal, and oceanic toothed whales.

Conclusion: Here we shed light on potential molecular mechanisms underlying the diversification of toothed whale echolocation. Our results suggest that toothed whale hearing genes changed under different selective pressures in coastal, riverine, and oceanic environments.

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齿鲸基因的分子进化揭示了在不同环境中回声定位的适应性。
背景:回声定位是齿鲸进化过程中的一个关键发展,使其能够适应各种环境并实现多样化。之前的生物声学和形态学研究表明,环境压力影响了齿鲸回声定位的进化。这一假设需要进一步研究,特别是关于齿鲸在多种栖息地适应性辐射的分子机制。在这里,我们发现与回声定位有关的四个听觉基因(CDH23、prestin、TMC1和CLDN14)的编码序列在河豚、近海海豚和远洋海豚中具有不同的分子进化特征,这表明这些生境的进化限制塑造了齿鲸声纳的基本遗传多样性:结果:我们对 37 个有齿类动物物种进行的比较分析表明,沿岸和沿河系的进化速度加快,支持了浅海栖息地对声纳传播造成特定选择性压力的假说,而这种压力在深海中并不存在。所有在正选择下进化基因的齿鲸都是浅海沿岸物种,包括三个最近从淡水系分化出来的物种(Cephalorhynchus commersonii、Sotalia guianensis 和 Orcaella heinsohni - CDH23),以及三个使用专门的窄带高频(NBHF)声纳的物种(Phocoena sinus - prestin、Neophocaena phocaenoides - TMC1 和 Cephalorhynchus commersonii - CDH23)。对于河豚和深潜齿鲸,我们发现了影响 CDH23、TMC1 和 prestin 上特定位点的正向选择和分子趋同特征。正选择位点(PSS)的数量、特征和替代率(dN/dS)在河豚、沿海齿鲸和大洋齿鲸中有所不同:在此,我们揭示了齿鲸回声定位多样化的潜在分子机制。我们的研究结果表明,齿鲸的听觉基因在沿海、沿河和海洋环境中受到不同的选择压力而发生了变化。
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来源期刊
BMC Genomics
BMC Genomics 生物-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
4.50%
发文量
769
审稿时长
6.4 months
期刊介绍: BMC Genomics is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of genome-scale analysis, functional genomics, and proteomics. BMC Genomics is part of the BMC series which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across all areas of biology and medicine. We offer an efficient, fair and friendly peer review service, and are committed to publishing all sound science, provided that there is some advance in knowledge presented by the work.
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