Syncing the brain's networks: dynamic functional connectivity shifts from temporal interference.

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-10-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1453638

Zhiqiang Zhu, Dongsheng Tang, Lang Qin, Zhenyu Qian, Jie Zhuang, Yu Liu

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Abstract

Background: Temporal interference (TI) stimulation, an innovative non-invasive brain stimulation approach, has the potential to activate neurons in deep brain regions. However, the dynamic mechanisms underlying its neuromodulatory effects are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of TI stimulation on dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in the motor cortex.

Methods: 40 healthy adults underwent both TI and tDCS in a double-blind, randomized crossover design, with sessions separated by at least 48 h. The total stimulation intensity of TI is 4 mA, with each channel's intensity set at 2 mA and a 20 Hz frequency difference (2 kHz and 2.02 kHz). The tDCS stimulation intensity is 2 mA. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected before, during, and after stimulation. dFC was calculated using the left primary motor cortex (M1) as the region of interest (ROI) and analyzed using a sliding time-window method. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × time) was conducted to evaluate the effects of TI and tDCS on changes in dFC.

Results: For CV of dFC, significant main effects of stimulation type (P = 0.004) and time (P < 0.001) were observed. TI showed lower CV of dFC than tDCS in the left postcentral gyrus (P < 0.001). TI-T2 displayed lower CV of dFC than TI-T1 in the left precentral gyrus (P < 0.001). For mean dFC, a significant main effect of time was found (P < 0.001). TI-T2 showed higher mean dFC than tDCS-T2 in the left postcentral gyrus (P = 0.018). Within-group comparisons revealed significant differences between time points in both TI and tDCS groups, primarily in the left precentral and postcentral gyri (all P < 0.001). Results were consistent across different window sizes.

Conclusion: 20 Hz TI stimulation altered dFC in the primary motor cortex, leading to a significant decreasing variability and increasing mean connectivity strength in dFC. This outcome indicates that the 20 Hz TI frequency interacted with the motor cortex's natural resonance.

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同步大脑网络：时空干扰带来的动态功能连接转移。

背景：颞叶干扰（TI）刺激是一种创新的非侵入性脑部刺激方法，具有激活大脑深部神经元的潜力。然而，其神经调节作用的动态机制尚未完全明了。本研究旨在探讨 TI 刺激对运动皮层动态功能连接（dFC）的影响。方法：40 名健康成年人同时接受 TI 和 tDCS 刺激，采用双盲、随机交叉设计，每次刺激间隔至少 48 小时。TI 的总刺激强度为 4 mA，每个通道的强度设置为 2 mA，频率差为 20 Hz（2 kHz 和 2.02 kHz）。tDCS 的刺激强度为 2 mA。以左侧初级运动皮层（M1）为感兴趣区（ROI）计算 dFC，并使用滑动时间窗方法进行分析。采用双向重复测量方差分析（组别 × 时间）评估 TI 和 tDCS 对 dFC 变化的影响：结果：刺激类型（P = 0.004）和时间（P < 0.001）对 dFC 的 CV 有显著的主效应。在左侧中央后回，TI 显示的 dFC CV 低于 tDCS（P < 0.001）。在左侧中央前回，TI-T2 的 dFC CV 值低于 TI-T1（P < 0.001）。就平均 dFC 而言，时间具有显著的主效应（P < 0.001）。在左侧中央后回，TI-T2 的平均 dFC 比 tDCS-T2 高（P = 0.018）。组内比较显示，TI 组和 tDCS 组在不同时间点之间存在显著差异，主要集中在左侧中央前回和中央后回（所有 P <0.001）。结论：20 Hz TI 刺激改变了初级运动皮层的 dFC，导致 dFC 的变异性显著降低，平均连接强度显著增加。这一结果表明，20 赫兹 TI 频率与运动皮层的自然共振相互作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

6.90%

发文量

830

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Human Neuroscience is a first-tier electronic journal devoted to understanding the brain mechanisms supporting cognitive and social behavior in humans, and how these mechanisms might be altered in disease states. The last 25 years have seen an explosive growth in both the methods and the theoretical constructs available to study the human brain. Advances in electrophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, psychophysical, neuropharmacological and computational approaches have provided key insights into the mechanisms of a broad range of human behaviors in both health and disease. Work in human neuroscience ranges from the cognitive domain, including areas such as memory, attention, language and perception to the social domain, with this last subject addressing topics, such as interpersonal interactions, social discourse and emotional regulation. How these processes unfold during development, mature in adulthood and often decline in aging, and how they are altered in a host of developmental, neurological and psychiatric disorders, has become increasingly amenable to human neuroscience research approaches. Work in human neuroscience has influenced many areas of inquiry ranging from social and cognitive psychology to economics, law and public policy. Accordingly, our journal will provide a forum for human research spanning all areas of human cognitive, social, developmental and translational neuroscience using any research approach.