Improvement in Glycolipid Metabolism Parameters After Supplementing Fish Oil-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids Is Associated with Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Nutrients Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI:10.3390/nu16213755

Jiayue Xia, Shiyu Yin, Junhui Yu, Jiongnan Wang, Xingyi Jin, Yuanyuan Wang, Hechun Liu, Guiju Sun

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Abstract

Background/objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) on gut microbiota and serum lipid metabolites in T2DM.

Methods: In a three-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 110 T2DM patients received either fish oil (n = 55) or corn oil (n = 55) capsules daily. Serum lipids, glycemic parameters, gut microbiota diversity, and lipidomics were assessed.

Results: This study found that fish oil-derived omega-3 PUFAs intervention did not significantly lower the fasting plasma glucose levels when compared with the baseline level (p > 0.05). However, serum fasting blood glucose (p = 0.039), glycosylated hemoglobin levels (p = 0.048), HOMA-IR (p = 0.022), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p = 0.034), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.048), and non-HDL levels (p = 0.046) were significantly lower in the fish oil group compared with the corn oil group after three months of intervention. Also, it altered glycerophospholipid metabolism and gut microbiota. After three months, the fish oil group showed a significantly lower abundance of Desulfobacterota compared with the corn oil control group (p = 0.003), with reduced levels of Colidextribacter (p = 0.002), Ralstonia (p = 0.021), and Klebsiella (p = 0.013). Conversely, the abundance of Limosilactobacillus (p = 0.017), Lactobacillus (p = 0.011), and Haemophilus (p = 0.018) increased significantly. In addition, relevant glycolipid metabolism indicators showed significant correlations with the altered profiles of serum lipid metabolites, intestinal bacteria, and fungi.

Conclusions: This study highlights the impact of fish oil-derived omega-3 PUFAs on intestinal microbiota structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes. The observed decrease in pathogenic bacterial species and the enhancement of beneficial species may have significant implications for gut health and systemic inflammation, both of which are pivotal in managing diabetes. Further research is warranted to comprehensively elucidate the long-term benefits and underlying mechanisms of these microbiota alterations.

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2 型糖尿病患者补充鱼油衍生的 Omega-3 脂肪酸后糖脂代谢参数的改善与肠道微生物群和脂代谢物有关。

背景/目的：本研究旨在探讨鱼油衍生的欧米伽-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3 PUFAs）对 T2DM 患者肠道微生物群和血清脂质代谢物的影响：在一项为期三个月的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究中，110 名 T2DM 患者每天服用鱼油胶囊（55 人）或玉米油胶囊（55 人）。对血清脂质、血糖参数、肠道微生物群多样性和脂质组学进行了评估：研究发现，与基线水平相比，鱼油提取的欧米伽-3 PUFAs干预并未显著降低空腹血浆葡萄糖水平（p > 0.05）。然而，干预三个月后，鱼油组的血清空腹血糖（p = 0.039）、糖化血红蛋白水平（p = 0.048）、HOMA-IR（p = 0.022）、总胆固醇（p < 0.001）、甘油三酯（p = 0.034）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（p = 0.048）和非高密度脂蛋白水平（p = 0.046）均明显低于玉米油组。此外，鱼油还改变了甘油磷脂代谢和肠道微生物群。三个月后，与玉米油对照组相比，鱼油组的脱硫菌群数量明显减少（p = 0.003），同时 Colidextribacter（p = 0.002）、Ralstonia（p = 0.021）和 Klebsiella（p = 0.013）的数量也有所减少。相反，柠檬乳杆菌（p = 0.017）、乳酸杆菌（p = 0.011）和嗜血杆菌（p = 0.018）的数量显著增加。此外，相关的糖脂代谢指标与血清脂质代谢物、肠道细菌和真菌特征的改变有明显的相关性：本研究强调了鱼油中的ω-3 PUFA 对 2 型糖尿病患者肠道微生物群结构和功能的影响。观察到的致病菌种类的减少和有益菌种类的增加可能会对肠道健康和全身炎症产生重大影响，而这两者都是控制糖尿病的关键。要全面阐明这些微生物群改变的长期益处和潜在机制，还需要进一步的研究。

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来源期刊

Nutrients NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

15.30%

发文量

4599

审稿时长

16.74 days

期刊介绍： Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) is an international, peer-reviewed open access advanced forum for studies related to Human Nutrition. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.