PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AMONG STEADY STATE SICKLE CELL DISEASE ADULT PATIENTS ATTENDING AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, ZARIA.

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a long-term complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) in adults because of persistent recurrent vaso-occlusive crises, and hyperfiltration. SCD patients are in a steady state, although may be from crises, but may have deranged kidney function.

Objectives: This research studied the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among steady-state SCD patients in ABUTH, Zaria.

Method: A case-control cross-sectional study of 210 SCD patients and age/sex-matched healthy controls in ABUTH Zaria. The following parameters were assessed among participants: socio-demographic characteristics, facial puffiness, frothiness of urine, urine albumin: creatinine ratio, urine specific gravity, and glomerular filtration rates. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17.0 for Windows, and presented as mean ± SD for nominal variables, and as diagrams for categorical variables. Student t-test and Pearson's Chi-square were used to test for relationship with p<0.05 as significant.

Results: The study participants consisted of 113 males and 97 females pairs, with mean ages of 26.8 ± 8.2 vs. 25.7 ± 5.8 years, (p = 0.1) for cases and controls respectively. Prevalence of SCD patients with stage ≤ 3-5 CKD, facial swelling, frothy urine, SG <1.015, albuminuria, urine Hb <13g/dl, and stage were 8.6%,16.2%, 18.0%,33.3%, 47.2%, respectively. All controls had normal kidney functions (p< 0.05).

Conclusion: This study has shown the prevalence of 8.6% to 47.2% of features of CKD among steady-state adult SCD patients in ABUTH Zaria.