Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure of trail runners in an ultraendurance competition at high altitude

IF 4.1 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.116139

J.V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo , C. Vaz-Pardal , A. Rodríguez-Martínez , J. Aguilera , P. Gutiérrez-Mulas , J.L. González-Montesinos , A. Subert , F. Rivas-Ruiz , M. de Troya-Martín

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Abstract

Background

Outdoor sports are associated with overexposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and sunburn.

Aims

To quantify solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure received by trail runners during an ultraendurance competition at high altitude and to assess their sun exposure habits, sun protection behaviors, and attitudes and knowledge regarding skin cancer.

Methods

Trail runners taking part in the 2023 Ultra Sierra Nevada race (Spain, April 14–16, 2023) completed an online validated questionnaire on sun-related habits, behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge. Environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, and UVR as well as participants’ personal erythemal dose were measured during the competition.

Results

The average ambient cumulative erythemal dose ranged from 59.9 to 19.3 standard erythemal doses (SED) and the mean effective radiation received by the athletes studied (n = 17) ranged from 24.2 to 7.6 SED in the Extreme (154 km) to Half-Marathon (25.1 km) races. The questionnaire was completed by 194 athletes (mean age 41.3 ± 8.9 years; 76.8 % men). A total of 22.4 % of athletes surveyed reported skin phototype I-II. Two-thirds (66.5 %) had sunburn after doing outdoor sports in the previous year. In regard to photoprotection practices while exercising outdoors, 62.6 % reported wearing a hat/cap, 59.2 % avoided the midday sun, 38.7 % used sunscreen with sun protection factor ≥ 15, and 49.7 % stated they did not reapply sunscreen.

Conclusions

The trail runners studied received a high solar exposure dose during the competition. Future interventions are needed to improve individual and organizational photoprotection measures in trail-running events to reduce the risk of skin cancer.

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越野跑运动员在高海拔地区参加超耐力比赛时受到的太阳紫外线辐射

背景户外运动与过度暴露于太阳紫外线辐射和晒伤有关.Aims To quantify solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure by trail runners during an ultraendurance competition at high altitude and to assess their sun exposure habits, sun protection behaviors, and attitudes and knowledge regarding skin cancer.方法参加 2023 年内华达山脉超耐力赛（西班牙，2023 年 4 月 14-16 日）的越野跑运动员完成了一份关于与太阳有关的习惯、行为、态度和知识的在线验证问卷。结果在极限马拉松（154 公里）和半程马拉松（25.1 公里）比赛中，平均环境累积红斑剂量介于 59.9 到 19.3 标准红斑剂量（SED）之间，被研究的运动员（n = 17）接受的平均有效辐射介于 24.2 到 7.6 SED 之间。194 名运动员（平均年龄为 41.3 ± 8.9 岁；76.8% 为男性）填写了调查问卷。共有 22.4% 的受访运动员报告了皮肤光型 I-II。三分之二（66.5%）的运动员在去年进行户外运动后曾被晒伤。关于户外运动时的防晒措施，62.6%的人表示戴帽子/帽子，59.2%的人避开正午阳光，38.7%的人使用防晒系数≥15的防晒霜，49.7%的人表示没有重新涂抹防晒霜。今后需要采取干预措施，改善越野跑比赛中个人和组织的光防护措施，以降低患皮肤癌的风险。

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来源期刊

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry 化学-物理化学

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

7.00%

发文量

580

审稿时长

48 days

期刊介绍： JPPA publishes the results of fundamental studies on all aspects of chemical phenomena induced by interactions between light and molecules/matter of all kinds. All systems capable of being described at the molecular or integrated multimolecular level are appropriate for the journal. This includes all molecular chemical species as well as biomolecular, supramolecular, polymer and other macromolecular systems, as well as solid state photochemistry. In addition, the journal publishes studies of semiconductor and other photoactive organic and inorganic materials, photocatalysis (organic, inorganic, supramolecular and superconductor). The scope includes condensed and gas phase photochemistry, as well as synchrotron radiation chemistry. A broad range of processes and techniques in photochemistry are covered such as light induced energy, electron and proton transfer; nonlinear photochemical behavior; mechanistic investigation of photochemical reactions and identification of the products of photochemical reactions; quantum yield determinations and measurements of rate constants for primary and secondary photochemical processes; steady-state and time-resolved emission, ultrafast spectroscopic methods, single molecule spectroscopy, time resolved X-ray diffraction, luminescence microscopy, and scattering spectroscopy applied to photochemistry. Papers in emerging and applied areas such as luminescent sensors, electroluminescence, solar energy conversion, atmospheric photochemistry, environmental remediation, and related photocatalytic chemistry are also welcome.