Evaluation of biofloc system effects on water quality, growth, innate immunity, physiological status, and immune- and growth-related gene expressions in early growth stages of thin-lipped mullet (Liza ramada)
Fatma M. Zaki, Mohamed M. Said, M. A. Amer, Riad H. Khalil, Hagar Sedeek Dighiesh
{"title":"Evaluation of biofloc system effects on water quality, growth, innate immunity, physiological status, and immune- and growth-related gene expressions in early growth stages of thin-lipped mullet (Liza ramada)","authors":"Fatma M. Zaki, Mohamed M. Said, M. A. Amer, Riad H. Khalil, Hagar Sedeek Dighiesh","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01696-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 90-day experiment was carried out to study the influence of biofloc system on water quality, growth, feed utilization, survivability, bacteria in fish gut, and physiological and immunological responses of thin-lipped mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>). Two treatments, clear water (CW) and biofloc (BFS), were each designed in triplicates. Both treatments were stocked with <i>Liza ramada</i> (mean weight of 1.18 ± 0.02 g). BFS group showed the highest final body weight, weight gain, average daily weight gain, and specific growth rate, the lowest feed conversion ratio, and the highest protein efficiency ratio and survivability. The proximate analysis of biofloc samples showed that percent crude protein and lipid were 26.17 and 7.75% respectively with the presence of essential minerals required for fish growth. The total body chemical composition of fish demonstrated improved crude protein and fat in <i>Liza ramada</i> stocked in BFS compared to CW. The highest total bacterial count and <i>Bacillus</i> number were recorded in the intestine of fish kept under BFS. Protease, lipase, and amylase levels significantly increased in fish stocked in BFS. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in fish kept under BFS treatment, while cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, and serum aspartate aminotransferase showed the lowest activity. Significantly high serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, phagocytic activity, lysozymes, respiratory burst activity, and immunoglobulin M were observed in fish raised in BFS compared to CW. The intestinal histomorphometry examination showed a significantly high villi length and width, crypt depth, high number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, and goblet cells in BFS group. BFS resulted in a significantly up-regulation of the immune genes in the liver (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10) and the growth-related genes in the liver (IGF-1 and GH) compared to CW treatment. These results revealed that applying biofloc system in the rearing of <i>Liza ramada</i> resulted in many advantages including growth improvement, high survivability, enhanced activity of digestive enzymes, antioxidant system, immunological response, gut health, and decreased stress enzymes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-024-01696-w.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aquaculture International","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10499-024-01696-w","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FISHERIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A 90-day experiment was carried out to study the influence of biofloc system on water quality, growth, feed utilization, survivability, bacteria in fish gut, and physiological and immunological responses of thin-lipped mullet (Liza ramada). Two treatments, clear water (CW) and biofloc (BFS), were each designed in triplicates. Both treatments were stocked with Liza ramada (mean weight of 1.18 ± 0.02 g). BFS group showed the highest final body weight, weight gain, average daily weight gain, and specific growth rate, the lowest feed conversion ratio, and the highest protein efficiency ratio and survivability. The proximate analysis of biofloc samples showed that percent crude protein and lipid were 26.17 and 7.75% respectively with the presence of essential minerals required for fish growth. The total body chemical composition of fish demonstrated improved crude protein and fat in Liza ramada stocked in BFS compared to CW. The highest total bacterial count and Bacillus number were recorded in the intestine of fish kept under BFS. Protease, lipase, and amylase levels significantly increased in fish stocked in BFS. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in fish kept under BFS treatment, while cortisol, alanine aminotransferase, and serum aspartate aminotransferase showed the lowest activity. Significantly high serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, phagocytic activity, lysozymes, respiratory burst activity, and immunoglobulin M were observed in fish raised in BFS compared to CW. The intestinal histomorphometry examination showed a significantly high villi length and width, crypt depth, high number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, and goblet cells in BFS group. BFS resulted in a significantly up-regulation of the immune genes in the liver (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10) and the growth-related genes in the liver (IGF-1 and GH) compared to CW treatment. These results revealed that applying biofloc system in the rearing of Liza ramada resulted in many advantages including growth improvement, high survivability, enhanced activity of digestive enzymes, antioxidant system, immunological response, gut health, and decreased stress enzymes.
期刊介绍：
Aquaculture International is an international journal publishing original research papers, short communications, technical notes and review papers on all aspects of aquaculture.
The Journal covers topics such as the biology, physiology, pathology and genetics of cultured fish, crustaceans, molluscs and plants, especially new species; water quality of supply systems, fluctuations in water quality within farms and the environmental impacts of aquacultural operations; nutrition, feeding and stocking practices, especially as they affect the health and growth rates of cultured species; sustainable production techniques; bioengineering studies on the design and management of offshore and land-based systems; the improvement of quality and marketing of farmed products; sociological and societal impacts of aquaculture, and more.
This is the official Journal of the European Aquaculture Society.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
分享
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
扫码关注我们
