Clinical presentation, investigation findings, and treatment outcomes of intraluminal small intestinal obstruction by bezoars and other materials in adult cows- a retrospective study of 110 cases.

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES BMC Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI:10.1186/s12917-024-04379-z
Ueli Braun, Christian Gerspach, Elena Bennien, Monika Hilbe, Karl Nuss
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Abstract

Background: Small intestinal obstruction (SIO) is a blockage of the intestinal lumen by blunt foreign bodies, neoplasms originating from the intestinal wall or thick chyme. This study analysed the medical records (only data) of 110 cattle with SIO and described the clinical findings, treatment and outcome. These findings were compared between surviving and non-surviving cattle, and among the affected regions such as the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

Results: Colic occurred in 42.7% (47/110) of the cattle. Rumen motility was absent in all cattle and intestinal motility was reduced or absent in 82.6% (90/109). Ballottement and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation were positive on the right side in 63.3% (69/109). Little or no faeces in the rectum occurred in 93.6% (102/109) of the cattle. Dilated loops of small intestines could be palpated transrectally in 46.8% (51/109) and the actual obstruction (palpated as a firm mass in the small intestine) in 5.5% (6/109) of the cattle. The main laboratory changes were hypokalaemia (80.9%, 89/110), hypermagnesaemia (75.3% 58/77), hypocalcaemia (71.8%, 56/78), haemoconcentration (66.4%, 73/110), azotaemia (66.4%, 73/110) and positive base excess (63.3%, 62/98). Abnormal ultrasonographic findings included dilated loops of small intestines (94.3%, 83/88) and subjectively reduced or absent small intestinal motility (85.4%, 70/82). The actual obstruction could be visualised in 3.4% (3/89) of the cattle by ultrasonography. In the 14 non-surviving and the 96 surviving cattle the frequencies of abdominal dilatation (57.1%, 8/14 vs. 22.1%, 21/95) and the presence of blood, mucus and/or fibrin in the rectum (92.9%, 13/14 vs. 63.2%, 60/95) were significantly different. Abomasal reflux syndrome was significantly worse in the cattle with duodenal obstruction (26/110) than in those with jejunal (51/110) or ileal obstruction (33/110). A total of 107 cattle underwent right flank laparotomy, and the obstruction was resolved by massaging the affected area or it was removed via enterotomy. Of the 110 cattle, 14 (12.7%) were euthanized and 96 (87.3%) were discharged 3 to 10 days after surgery.

Conclusions: Transrectal and/or ultrasonographic diagnosis is the exception, and in almost all cases laparotomy, was required. The prognosis is good provided that surgical treatment is carried out promptly.

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成年奶牛因牛粪和其他物质引起的腔内小肠梗阻的临床表现、检查结果和治疗效果--对110个病例的回顾性研究。
背景:小肠梗阻(SIO)是指肠腔被钝性异物、来自肠壁的肿瘤或浓稠的食糜堵塞。本研究分析了 110 头患有 SIO 的牛的医疗记录(仅数据),并描述了临床发现、治疗和结果。这些结果在存活牛和非存活牛之间进行了比较,并在十二指肠、空肠和回肠等受影响区域之间进行了比较:42.7%(47/110)的牛发生肠绞痛。所有牛都没有瘤胃蠕动,82.6%(90/109)的牛肠道蠕动减弱或消失。63.3%(69/109)的牛右侧叩诊和/或叩击以及同时听诊呈阳性。93.6%(102/109)的牛直肠内粪便很少或没有粪便。46.8%(51/109 头)的牛经直肠可触及扩张的小肠环,5.5%(6/109 头)的牛可触及真正的梗阻(在小肠中触及坚实的肿块)。主要的实验室变化是低钾血症(80.9%,89/110)、高镁血症(75.3%,58/77)、低钙血症(71.8%,56/78)、血液浓缩(66.4%,73/110)、氮质血症(66.4%,73/110)和正基过多(63.3%,62/98)。异常超声波检查结果包括小肠襻扩张(94.3%,83/88)和主观小肠蠕动减弱或消失(85.4%,70/82)。3.4% 的牛(3/89)可通过超声波检查看到真正的梗阻。在 14 头未存活的牛和 96 头存活的牛中,腹部扩张(57.1%,8/14 对 22.1%,21/95)和直肠内出现血液、粘液和/或纤维蛋白(92.9%,13/14 对 63.2%,60/95)的频率有显著差异。患有十二指肠梗阻的牛(26/110)的瘤胃反流综合征明显比患有空肠梗阻(51/110)或回肠梗阻(33/110)的牛严重。共有 107 头牛接受了右侧腹腔手术,通过按摩患处或通过肠道切除术解除了梗阻。110 头牛中有 14 头(12.7%)被安乐死,96 头(87.3%)在术后 3 至 10 天出院:结论:经直肠和/或超声波诊断是例外情况,几乎所有病例都需要开腹手术。只要及时进行手术治疗,预后良好。
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来源期刊
BMC Veterinary Research
BMC Veterinary Research VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
3.80%
发文量
420
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Veterinary Research is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of veterinary science and medicine, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of medical conditions of domestic, companion, farm and wild animals, as well as the biomedical processes that underlie their health.
期刊最新文献
Clinical presentation, investigation findings, and treatment outcomes of intraluminal small intestinal obstruction by bezoars and other materials in adult cows- a retrospective study of 110 cases. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland: risk factors, epidemiology and anatomopathological changes with analysis of potential role of Thelazia nematodes in the disease development. Mycoplasma synoviae elongation factor thermo stable is an adhesion-associated protein that enters cells by endocytosis and stimulates DF-1 cell proliferation. Survey in ruminants from Rwanda revealed high diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales. First report of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) in pigs from Poland.
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