Mudstone diagenesis in the Cenomanian–Turonian Eagle Ford Group in the San Marcos Arch area. PART I: Chemostratigraphy, early diagenesis, bitumen expulsion and migration pathways

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Marine and Petroleum Geology Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107162
Lucy T. Ko , Robert G. Loucks , Harry Rowe , Robert M. Reed , J. Evan Sivil , Rieko Adriaens
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Abstract

The Cenomanian–Turonian Eagle Ford Group (EFG) is composed of massive, laminated, and/or burrowed limestones, marls, and lime mudstones deposited below storm-wave base on the drowned south Comanche Shelf. Also, eolian deposited volcanic ash layers are common being preserved as individual ash beds or reworked into the sediment. An investigation of diagenesis relative to burial delineated a complex diagenetic history as a result of changes in burial history and associated changes of water chemistry and redox conditions. The first part of this comprehensive study sheds light on initial depositional redox conditions, early mineral diagenesis, and expulsion and migration pathways of generated bitumen and oil from kerogen of the EFG in the study area (maximum burial depth <6000 ft [1828.8 m]). The EFG followed a diagenetic pathway from the deeper marine directly into the burial environment (not affected by meteoric diagenesis). Original depositional porosity of the EFG marl could be as high as 70–80%, whereas present-day porosity values have been decreased to around 10% because of burial related diagenesis. At shallow burial depths, compaction was the mechanism responsible for most porosity loss followed by cementation. The texture and fabric of these cements increase mechanical strength of the EFG mudrocks significantly. The shallow, immature EFG limestones and marls have abundant interparticle micropores, high porosity, permeability, and water saturation with relatively low resistivity. With thermal maturation, bitumen and hydrocarbon generation increases oil saturation and alters wetness of the rock. The migration and filling of the bitumen and possibly oil would limit further cementation of calcite and quartz. The interaction between diagenesis of mineral matrix and organic matter (OM) evolution is significant and notably impacts cementation in mudstones at relatively shallow burial depth. The impact of OM is also more remarkable in mudrocks compared to that in sandstone and carbonate counterparts.
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圣马科斯拱地区塞诺曼-图伦纪伊格尔福特组泥岩成因。第一部分:化合地层、早期成岩作用、沥青驱逐和迁移路径
仙人纪-震旦纪伊格尔福特组(EFG)由块状、层状和/或钻孔状石灰岩、泥灰岩和石灰泥岩组成,沉积在被淹没的南科曼奇大陆架的风暴潮基底之下。此外,风化沉积的火山灰层也很常见,它们被保存为单独的火山灰床或被重新加工成沉积物。对与埋藏有关的成岩作用的研究表明,由于埋藏历史的变化以及与之相关的水化学和氧化还原条件的变化,成岩作用的历史非常复杂。这项综合研究的第一部分揭示了研究区域(最大埋藏深度为 6000 英尺 [1828.8 米])EFG 的初始沉积氧化还原条件、早期矿物成岩作用以及从角质层中生成的沥青和石油的排出和迁移路径。EFG 沿成因途径从深海直接进入埋藏环境(未受流星成因的影响)。EFG 泥灰岩的原始沉积孔隙率可高达 70-80%,而由于与埋藏有关的成岩作用,目前的孔隙率值已降至 10%左右。在浅埋深度,压实是造成大部分孔隙率损失的机制,其次是胶结。这些胶结物的质地和结构大大提高了 EFG 泥岩的机械强度。浅层未成熟的 EFG 灰岩和泥灰岩具有丰富的颗粒间微孔、高孔隙度、渗透性和水饱和度,电阻率相对较低。随着热成熟,沥青和碳氢化合物的生成提高了石油饱和度,并改变了岩石的湿润度。沥青和石油的迁移和填充可能会限制方解石和石英的进一步胶结。矿物基质成岩作用与有机质(OM)演化之间的相互作用非常重要,对埋藏深度相对较浅的泥岩的胶结作用影响显著。与砂岩和碳酸盐岩相比,有机质在泥岩中的影响也更为显著。
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来源期刊
Marine and Petroleum Geology
Marine and Petroleum Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
475
审稿时长
63 days
期刊介绍: Marine and Petroleum Geology is the pre-eminent international forum for the exchange of multidisciplinary concepts, interpretations and techniques for all concerned with marine and petroleum geology in industry, government and academia. Rapid bimonthly publication allows early communications of papers or short communications to the geoscience community. Marine and Petroleum Geology is essential reading for geologists, geophysicists and explorationists in industry, government and academia working in the following areas: marine geology; basin analysis and evaluation; organic geochemistry; reserve/resource estimation; seismic stratigraphy; thermal models of basic evolution; sedimentary geology; continental margins; geophysical interpretation; structural geology/tectonics; formation evaluation techniques; well logging.
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