Advances in gene therapy: Polysaccharide nanoparticles as pioneers in safe and effective gene delivery

Abstract

Recent advancements in drug/gene delivery methods have spurred the development of nano-based delivery systems aimed at efficiently transporting pharmaceutical agents to specific targets within the body. A key focus has been on the utilization of biodegradable/biocompatible nanomaterials to enhance passive/active targeting and minimize undesirable side effects. Polysaccharides, characterized by their abundant reactive groups, show promise in achieving specific targeting by coating nanoparticles with ligands. Moreover, their ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces helps extend the duration of delivery system presence at sites of absorption. This in-depth analysis extensively explores a range of polysaccharides, offering valuable insights into the obstacles, benefits, and drawbacks linked to their utilization in drug and gene delivery systems. The study underscores the significance of cationic polysaccharides for targeted delivery and introduces polyelectrolyte complexation as a strategy to enhance efficacy. Key challenges in the field include comprehending molecular interactions, elucidating mechanisms of action, and understanding the fate of polysaccharide nanoparticles in vivo. The review emphasizes the necessity for in-depth research to propel the field of drug/gene delivery forward, recognizing that addressing these challenges is vital for the continued advancement of effective and targeted pharmaceutical delivery systems.