The development of therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19.

IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116643
Tianyu Zhao, Zhiwei Wang, Mingjiong Tong, Yingming Fei
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Abstract

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, it has caused a great threat to the global economy and public health, initiatives have been launched to control the spread of the virus. To explore the efficacy of drugs, a large number of clinical trials have been carried out, with the purpose of providing guidelines based on high-quality evidence for clinicians. We mainly discuss therapeutic agents for COVID-19 and explain the mechanism, including antiviral agents, tocilizumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, neutralizing antibody therapies and corticosteroids. In addition, the COVID-19 vaccine has been proven to be efficacious in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. We systematically analyzed four mainstream vaccine platforms: messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, viral vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines and protein subunit vaccines. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of drugs and vaccines through enumerating the most typical clinical trials. However, the emergence of novel variants has further complicated the interpretation of the available clinical data, especially vaccines and antibody therapies. In the post-epidemic era, therapeutic agents are still the first choice for controlling the progression of disease, whereas the protective effect of vaccines against different strains should be assessed comprehensively.
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COVID-19治疗方法和疫苗的发展。
新冠肺炎疫情给全球经济和公共卫生带来巨大威胁以来,各方纷纷采取措施控制疫情蔓延。为了探索药物的疗效,开展了大量的临床试验,目的是为临床医生提供基于高质量证据的指导。我们主要讨论COVID-19的治疗药物并解释其机制,包括抗病毒药物,托珠单抗,Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂,中和抗体疗法和皮质类固醇。此外,COVID-19疫苗已被证明对预防SARS-CoV-2感染有效。我们系统地分析了四种主流疫苗平台:信使RNA (mRNA)疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、灭活疫苗和蛋白质亚单位疫苗。我们通过列举最典型的临床试验来评价药物和疫苗的治疗效果。然而,新变异的出现使现有临床数据,特别是疫苗和抗体疗法的解释进一步复杂化。在后疫情时代,治疗药物仍是控制疾病发展的首选药物,而疫苗对不同毒株的保护作用应进行综合评价。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.40%
发文量
149
审稿时长
56 days
期刊介绍: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease keeps you informed of the latest developments in clinical microbiology and the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Packed with rigorously peer-reviewed articles and studies in bacteriology, immunology, immunoserology, infectious diseases, mycology, parasitology, and virology, the journal examines new procedures, unusual cases, controversial issues, and important new literature. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease distinguished independent editorial board, consisting of experts from many medical specialties, ensures you extensive and authoritative coverage.
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