NOCTURNAL ENURESIS SYMPTOMS AND RISK FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN QASSIM REGION, SAUDI ARABIA.

Abstract

Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE), commonly referred to as nighttime bed wetting, is a common condition characterized by involuntary urination during sleep. This condition affects a significant number of children worldwide with a higher prevalence in boys than girls aged 6-12 years old. This study aims to evaluate the symptoms, assess the risk factors and address the response to different management types of this disorder among children and adolescents living in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among parents and caregivers of children and adolescents ranging from 5-18 years of age living in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Data collected by using an online survey, effectively disseminated through a multitude of online platforms, including popular websites and social media channels.

Results: A total of 791 respondents participated in the study, with 173 (21.9%) completing the questionnaire, qualifying for inclusion due to having a child experiencing nocturnal enuresis. The participants had a mean age of 9.98 years. Significant gender differences were observed, with a higher frequency observed in boys (68.8%) compared to girls (31.2%). Participants reported positive family history and increased nighttime fluid intake associated factors. Comorbidities showed no significant associations, while lower parental educational status was identified as a contributing factor. The impact of nocturnal enuresis on families and individuals is substantial. Bladder muscle exercises were the most common treatment method, while pharmacological treatment was less frequently employed in our findings.

Conclusion: We concluded that the impact and prevalence of nocturnal enuresis on children and adolescents in the region is significant. The higher incidence in boys, coupled with factors such as positive family history and lower parental educational status, emphasizes the multifaceted nature of this condition. The substantial effect on families underscores the importance of early intervention and support.