Specnuezhenide: Comprehensive review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and ethnomedicinal uses.

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Fitoterapia Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI:10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106389

Guo-Sen He, Ji-Kai Xia, Qi-Hu Li, Yan Zheng, Chun-Ru Shi, Run Li, Quan Hong, Xiang-Mei Chen

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Abstract

Background: Specnuezhenide (SPN) is a bioactive iridoid terpenoid compound mainly found in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF), that has a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-neoplastic, hepatoprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory properties.

Purpose: The present review provides a comprehensive summary of natural medicinal plants, traditional Chinese medicine compounds containing SPN, and their corresponding pharmacological mechanisms.

Methods: Using several globally recognized databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, Springer, and CNKI until December 2024, A comprehensive literature search and analysis was carried out with the keywords "Specnuezhenide", " Pharmacology ", "Pharmacokinetics" and " Chinese herbal compound".

Results: The results indicated that SPN is present in a diverse range of plants, including LLF, Osmanthus fragrans seeds and Naked barley. SPN plays an anti-inflammatory role by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, down-regulating the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and other cytokines. Furthermore, many Chinese herbal compounds have been found to contain SPN, such as treatment of spleen and kidney deficiency of compound Shenhua tablet, treatment of liver-kidney Yin deficiency of Er Zhi Wan, treatment of pulmonray abscess of Qidongning and treatment of stagnation of QI due to depression of the liver of Shuganzhi Tablet. SPN is primarily distributed in the stomach, intestine, and liver. However, due to its limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and low blood concentration, its bioavailability is significantly reduced.

Conclusions: Thereby, SPN holds immense potential in the prevention and treatment of liver, lung and kidney complications. This review intends to provide a novel insight for further development of SPN, hoping to reveal the potential of SPN and necessity of further studies in this field.

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背景：目的：本综述全面总结了含有SPN的天然药用植物、中药化合物及其相应的药理机制：方法：以 "Specnuezhenide"、"Pharmacology"、"Pharmacokinetics "和 "Chinese herbal compound "为关键词，利用Web of Science、Google Scholar、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Wiley、ACS、Springer和CNKI等多个全球知名数据库，对截至2024年12月的文献进行了全面检索和分析：结果表明，SPN 存在于多种植物中，包括枸杞、桂花籽和裸麦。SPN 通过调节 NF-κB 和 MAPK 信号通路，下调 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 和其他细胞因子的表达，从而起到抗炎作用。此外，还发现许多中药复方中含有 SPN，如治疗脾肾阳虚的复方神化片、治疗肝肾阴虚的二至丸、治疗肺脓肿的芪冬宁、治疗肝郁气滞的舒肝解郁片等。SPN 主要分布于胃、肠和肝。然而，由于其在胃肠道的吸收有限且血药浓度较低，其生物利用度明显降低：因此，SPN 在预防和治疗肝、肺、肾并发症方面具有巨大潜力。本综述旨在为 SPN 的进一步发展提供新的见解，希望能揭示 SPN 的潜力以及在该领域开展进一步研究的必要性。

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来源期刊

Fitoterapia 医学-药学

CiteScore

5.80

自引率

2.90%

发文量

198

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： Fitoterapia is a Journal dedicated to medicinal plants and to bioactive natural products of plant origin. It publishes original contributions in seven major areas: 1. Characterization of active ingredients of medicinal plants 2. Development of standardization method for bioactive plant extracts and natural products 3. Identification of bioactivity in plant extracts 4. Identification of targets and mechanism of activity of plant extracts 5. Production and genomic characterization of medicinal plants biomass 6. Chemistry and biochemistry of bioactive natural products of plant origin 7. Critical reviews of the historical, clinical and legal status of medicinal plants, and accounts on topical issues.