{"title":"Effect of CO2 addition on crocin i extraction from gardenia fruits using CO2-expanded deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Yiheng Dou, Yoshito Oshima, Makoto Akizuki","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106521","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of the CO<sub>2</sub>-expanded liquid method for enhancing the extraction performance of deep eutectic solvents (DES) was evaluated. The extraction of crocin I from gardenia fruits using a DES composed of choline chloride and propylene glycol (1:3) was enhanced by the formation of a CO<sub>2</sub>-expanded DES. Visualization showed a biphasic system in which the DES-rich phase, and not the CO<sub>2</sub> phase, extracted crocin I. Temperature and pressure were the key parameters influencing the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> addition, likely due to CO<sub>2</sub> solubility in the DES. Kinetic studies using a second-order model showed that CO<sub>2</sub> improved both the extraction rate and yield, particularly at higher pressures and lower temperatures. At 40 °C, CO<sub>2</sub> addition doubled the extraction rate at 10 MPa and increased the yield by 8 % at 12 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 106521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896844625000075","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/16 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The use of the CO2-expanded liquid method for enhancing the extraction performance of deep eutectic solvents (DES) was evaluated. The extraction of crocin I from gardenia fruits using a DES composed of choline chloride and propylene glycol (1:3) was enhanced by the formation of a CO2-expanded DES. Visualization showed a biphasic system in which the DES-rich phase, and not the CO2 phase, extracted crocin I. Temperature and pressure were the key parameters influencing the effect of CO2 addition, likely due to CO2 solubility in the DES. Kinetic studies using a second-order model showed that CO2 improved both the extraction rate and yield, particularly at higher pressures and lower temperatures. At 40 °C, CO2 addition doubled the extraction rate at 10 MPa and increased the yield by 8 % at 12 MPa.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids is an international journal devoted to the fundamental and applied aspects of supercritical fluids and processes. Its aim is to provide a focused platform for academic and industrial researchers to report their findings and to have ready access to the advances in this rapidly growing field. Its coverage is multidisciplinary and includes both basic and applied topics.
Thermodynamics and phase equilibria, reaction kinetics and rate processes, thermal and transport properties, and all topics related to processing such as separations (extraction, fractionation, purification, chromatography) nucleation and impregnation are within the scope. Accounts of specific engineering applications such as those encountered in food, fuel, natural products, minerals, pharmaceuticals and polymer industries are included. Topics related to high pressure equipment design, analytical techniques, sensors, and process control methodologies are also within the scope of the journal.
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