The concentration of malachite green in fish: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and probabilistic risk assessment.

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES International Journal of Environmental Health Research Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1080/09603123.2025.2453971

Yadolah Fakhri, Amirhossein Mahmoudizeh, Fatemeh Hemmati, Moayed Adiban, Zahra Esfandiari, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah

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Abstract

Malachite Green (MG) is an antibiotic with antifungal activity, which is illegal to use in agriculture due to its mutagenic and teratogenic properties. Several scientific papers have been published on MG in fish. Therefore, an attempt was made to determine the meta-analysis concentration of MG in fish based on countries and types of fish subgroups, as well as the health risks of consumers, using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model. The three countries with the highest concentration of MG were Iran (14.697 µg/kg), Brazil (2.840 µg/kg), and China (2.277 µg/kg). The overall pooled concentration of MG in fish was 3.036 µg/kg, 95%CI (2.860-3.212 µg/kg), and the highest concentration of MG was observed in Pacu fish (6.603 µg/kg). The health risk assessment shows adults in Malaysia, China, and Iran and children in Italy, Spain, Brazil, Malaysia, China, and Iran are at considerable risk (MOE <10,000); hence, carrying out control plans in these countries is recommended.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Environmental Health Research 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

3.10%

发文量

134

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： International Journal of Environmental Health Research ( IJEHR ) is devoted to the rapid publication of research in environmental health, acting as a link between the diverse research communities and practitioners in environmental health. Published articles encompass original research papers, technical notes and review articles. IJEHR publishes articles on all aspects of the interaction between the environment and human health. This interaction can broadly be divided into three areas: the natural environment and health – health implications and monitoring of air, water and soil pollutants and pollution and health improvements and air, water and soil quality standards; the built environment and health – occupational health and safety, exposure limits, monitoring and control of pollutants in the workplace, and standards of health; and communicable diseases – disease spread, control and prevention, food hygiene and control, and health aspects of rodents and insects. IJEHR is published in association with the International Federation of Environmental Health and includes news from the Federation of international meetings, courses and environmental health issues.