Use of Oral Rub and Rinse Technique for Oral Cancer Screening: Results from a Community-based Program in an LMIC.

Q2 Medicine Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.1.91

Audrey Madonna DCruz, Pushparaja Shetty, Urvashi Ashwin Shetty, Pandyanda Nanjappa Dechamma, Vinayak Kamath, Shaila M Bhat, Anirban Chakraborty

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Abstract

Background: Oral cancer screening programs can aid in the early identification of potentially malignant oral lesions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Oral Rub and Rinse (ORR) technique as an oral cancer screening tool and to test its potential in detecting genetic alterations in exfoliated cells obtained through ORR.

Methods: The screening programs were conducted in rural Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts in Karnataka. All adults with red and/or white lesions were included in the study. Samples were collected using the ORR technique, and smears were prepared. In parallel, Conventional Exfoliative cytology (CEC) smears were also prepared. ORR samples and tissue biopsy were obtained from Classes III, IV, and V cases. Seven Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) tissue samples, 7 OSCC ORR samples, and five control samples were randomly selected. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in USP9X and DDX3X were checked through Sanger sequencing. Diagnostic agreement between the ORR and CEC technique was assessed using the McNemar test.

Results: A total of 2514 individuals were screened, of which 217 patients with red/ white lesions were included in the study. There was good agreement between the exfoliative cytology and ORR. The sensitivity of the ORR was 84.54%, specificity 85.83%, positive predictive value 82.83%, and negative predictive value 87.29%. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of the ORR technique was 85.25%. Although none of the samples showed the presence of target SNPs in USP9X and DDX3X genes, the utility of the ORR technique as a tool for conventional and molecular studies was confirmed.

Conclusion: The present study highlights the usefulness of the ORR technique as an effective tool in population-based oral cancer screening programs. Further, the cells obtained from ORR are an excellent source of DNA and can potentially identify genetic alterations with high accuracy.

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口腔摩擦和冲洗技术用于口腔癌筛查：来自低收入和中等收入国家社区项目的结果。

背景：口腔癌筛查项目有助于早期发现潜在的口腔恶性病变。本研究的目的是评估口腔摩擦和冲洗（ORR）技术作为口腔癌筛查工具的有效性，并测试其在检测通过ORR获得的脱落细胞的遗传改变方面的潜力。方法：在卡纳塔克邦Dakshina、Kannada和Udupi地区进行筛查。所有患有红色和/或白色病变的成年人都被纳入研究。采用ORR技术采集样品，并制备涂片。同时，还制备了常规剥脱细胞学（CEC）涂片。从III级、IV级和V级病例中获得ORR样本和组织活检。随机选择7例口腔鳞癌（OSCC）组织样本、7例口腔鳞癌ORR样本和5例对照样本。通过Sanger测序检测USP9X和DDX3X中是否存在单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。使用McNemar试验评估ORR和CEC技术诊断的一致性。结果：共筛选2514例，其中有217例红/白色病变纳入研究。剥脱细胞学检查结果与ORR吻合较好。ORR敏感性84.54%，特异性85.83%，阳性预测值82.83%，阴性预测值87.29%。总体而言，ORR技术的诊断准确率为85.25%。虽然没有样品显示USP9X和DDX3X基因中存在目标snp，但ORR技术作为常规和分子研究工具的实用性得到了证实。结论：本研究强调了ORR技术作为基于人群的口腔癌筛查计划的有效工具的实用性。此外，从ORR中获得的细胞是DNA的极好来源，可以潜在地以高精度识别遗传改变。

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来源期刊

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

2.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

779

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Cancer is a very complex disease. While many aspects of carcinoge-nesis and oncogenesis are known, cancer control and prevention at the community level is however still in its infancy. Much more work needs to be done and many more steps need to be taken before effective strategies are developed. The multidisciplinary approaches and efforts to understand and control cancer in an effective and efficient manner, require highly trained scientists in all branches of the cancer sciences, from cellular and molecular aspects to patient care and palliation. The Asia Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention (APOCP) and its official publication, the Asia Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP), have served the community of cancer scientists very well and intends to continue to serve in this capacity to the best of its abilities. One of the objectives of the APOCP is to provide all relevant and current scientific information on the whole spectrum of cancer sciences. They aim to do this by providing a forum for communication and propagation of original and innovative research findings that have relevance to understanding the etiology, progression, treatment, and survival of patients, through their journal. The APJCP with its distinguished, diverse, and Asia-wide team of editors, reviewers, and readers, ensure the highest standards of research communication within the cancer sciences community across Asia as well as globally. The APJCP publishes original research results under the following categories: -Epidemiology, detection and screening. -Cellular research and bio-markers. -Identification of bio-targets and agents with novel mechanisms of action. -Optimal clinical use of existing anti-cancer agents, including combination therapies. -Radiation and surgery. -Palliative care. -Patient adherence, quality of life, satisfaction. -Health economic evaluations.