Post-Mortem Analysis of Building-Integrated Flexible Thin Film Modules

IF 8 2区 材料科学 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Progress in Photovoltaics Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI:10.1002/pip.3846
Aldo Kingma, Helena Kirchner Sala, Leonard Simeonov, Rémi Aninat, Simona Villa, Klaas Bakker, Monique van den Nieuwenhof, Dorrit Roosen, Joris de Riet, Marc Koetse, Bart van de Vorst, Henk Steijvers, Mirjam Theelen
{"title":"Post-Mortem Analysis of Building-Integrated Flexible Thin Film Modules","authors":"Aldo Kingma,&nbsp;Helena Kirchner Sala,&nbsp;Leonard Simeonov,&nbsp;Rémi Aninat,&nbsp;Simona Villa,&nbsp;Klaas Bakker,&nbsp;Monique van den Nieuwenhof,&nbsp;Dorrit Roosen,&nbsp;Joris de Riet,&nbsp;Marc Koetse,&nbsp;Bart van de Vorst,&nbsp;Henk Steijvers,&nbsp;Mirjam Theelen","doi":"10.1002/pip.3846","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>Flexible, lightweight thin film (TF) photovoltaic (PV) modules offer a unique opportunity for integration into non-planar surfaces unable to support heavy weights. While such applications increase the potential for PV in urban areas, the reliability implications are yet to be investigated. Here, prototypes of corrugated rooftiles with integrated Cu (In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) modules were investigated after 3 years of outdoor operation. Their performance before and after the outdoor exposure was compared and defects were localized. An unpackaging method was developed, allowing access to the solar cells for more detailed characterization of present defects without causing additional damage or changes to existing defects. To our knowledge, this was the first time such an unpackaging method was successfully applied to flexible TF PV modules. The relative efficiency loss ranged from 17% to 43%, mostly due to short-circuit current (I<sub>SC</sub>) loss and series resistance (R<sub>S</sub>) increase. The predominant cause of the R<sub>S</sub> increase was the delamination at the interconnects, ascribed to thermomechanical stresses caused by outdoor temperature fluctuations. The I<sub>SC</sub> loss was mainly caused by localized delamination of CIGS from the molybdenum (Mo) back-contact. The occurrence of such delaminated areas pointed to presence of high local stresses during outdoor operation, possibly due to thermal fluctuations, applied deformation and/or mechanical impact. Two other types of delamination defects were found with no observable impact on performance. These results show the necessity for further optimization in the material choice and processing of TF flexible modules, to avoid mechanical stress related failures upon integration into curved surfaces.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 2","pages":"276-293"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in Photovoltaics","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.3846","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Flexible, lightweight thin film (TF) photovoltaic (PV) modules offer a unique opportunity for integration into non-planar surfaces unable to support heavy weights. While such applications increase the potential for PV in urban areas, the reliability implications are yet to be investigated. Here, prototypes of corrugated rooftiles with integrated Cu (In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) modules were investigated after 3 years of outdoor operation. Their performance before and after the outdoor exposure was compared and defects were localized. An unpackaging method was developed, allowing access to the solar cells for more detailed characterization of present defects without causing additional damage or changes to existing defects. To our knowledge, this was the first time such an unpackaging method was successfully applied to flexible TF PV modules. The relative efficiency loss ranged from 17% to 43%, mostly due to short-circuit current (ISC) loss and series resistance (RS) increase. The predominant cause of the RS increase was the delamination at the interconnects, ascribed to thermomechanical stresses caused by outdoor temperature fluctuations. The ISC loss was mainly caused by localized delamination of CIGS from the molybdenum (Mo) back-contact. The occurrence of such delaminated areas pointed to presence of high local stresses during outdoor operation, possibly due to thermal fluctuations, applied deformation and/or mechanical impact. Two other types of delamination defects were found with no observable impact on performance. These results show the necessity for further optimization in the material choice and processing of TF flexible modules, to avoid mechanical stress related failures upon integration into curved surfaces.

Abstract Image

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
Progress in Photovoltaics
Progress in Photovoltaics 工程技术-能源与燃料
CiteScore
18.10
自引率
7.50%
发文量
130
审稿时长
5.4 months
期刊介绍: Progress in Photovoltaics offers a prestigious forum for reporting advances in this rapidly developing technology, aiming to reach all interested professionals, researchers and energy policy-makers. The key criterion is that all papers submitted should report substantial “progress” in photovoltaics. Papers are encouraged that report substantial “progress” such as gains in independently certified solar cell efficiency, eligible for a new entry in the journal''s widely referenced Solar Cell Efficiency Tables. Examples of papers that will not be considered for publication are those that report development in materials without relation to data on cell performance, routine analysis, characterisation or modelling of cells or processing sequences, routine reports of system performance, improvements in electronic hardware design, or country programs, although invited papers may occasionally be solicited in these areas to capture accumulated “progress”.
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 197) Cover Image Issue Information Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 196)
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1