Antibacterial performance of Co–Zn ferrite nanoparticles under visible light irradiation

Abstract

BACKGROUND

To address water scarcity and promote sustainable resource management, more efficient and cost-effective water treatment solutions are necessary. Particularly, pathogens in drinking water are a topic of growing concern. One promising technology is the use of photocatalytic nanoparticles activated by visible light as antibacterial agents. This study focuses on the characterization and antibacterial properties of Co–Zn ferrite nanocatalysts, tested against Escherichia coli.

RESULTS

The Co_xZn_1−xFe₂O₄ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.6) ferrites were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Structural, morphological and optical analyses confirmed that these nanoparticles have a cubic spinel structure, with sizes of around 10 nm, and band gap energies suitable for visible light activation (1.4–1.7 eV). The antibacterial efficacy of the nanoparticles against E. coli was tested and compared with their photocatalytic performance employing phenol as organic pollutant model (highest phenol degradation for x = 0.6). Specifically, the antibacterial capacity of these nanoparticles was evaluated by comparing the ability of bacteria to grow after being incubated with the nanoparticles under visible light and in the dark. It was found that nanoparticles with lower cobalt content (x = 0 and 0.1) significantly reduced bacterial culturability under visible light. Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis revealed that nanoparticles with cobalt content caused bacteria to secrete biofilm, potentially offering some protection against the nanoparticles.

CONCLUSION

ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles show the highest antibacterial effect amongst those tested. This is attributed to the combined action of Zn²⁺ ion release and the photocatalytic effect under visible light. Furthermore, Zn might inhibit protective biofilm secretion, leading to higher antibacterial effects. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).