Assessing farm-level agricultural sustainability in India: A comparative study using a mixed-method approach

Abstract

CONTEXT

Agricultural sustainability in rural India is vital for ensuring food security and livelihoods, particularly for small-scale farmers. Many rural communities exhibit a blend of sustainable and unsustainable farming practices, affecting both their agricultural productivity and resilience in the face of environmental and socio-economic challenges.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of agricultural practices within rural farming communities. The goal is to identify weaknesses in resource management and productivity while proposing targeted interventions that promote sustainable practices in line with Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 2.4.1.

METHODS

A mixed-method approach was adopted, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data through surveys, interviews, and sub-indicators of sustainability. The research modified the FAO methodology for assessing agricultural sustainability and tailored it to local conditions. The Saiful participatory framework was further adapted to ensure stakeholder participation and the inclusion of culturally relevant practices. A visualized indicator framework was also developed to track sustainability progress effectively.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Key findings reveal that while these communities exhibit potential for improved sustainability, critical weaknesses in resource management and land use hinder productivity. The study also highlighted positive elements, such as community-driven initiatives that enhance sustainable practices. The sub-indicator analysis identified priority areas for intervention, and the visualized framework provides a practical tool for monitoring farm-level sustainability. Results suggest the need for region-specific policies to address the unique challenges faced by rural communities.

SIGNIFICANCE

This study contributes to the assessment of agricultural sustainability by developing a locally adapted framework that can be applied across various rural settings. The findings provide insights for policymakers, agronomists, and rural development practitioners, emphasizing the importance of engaging local stakeholders and fostering sustainable practices that align with national and global sustainability goals.