Neurovascular coupling over cortical brain areas and resting state network connectivity with and without rigidified carotid artery.

Abstract

Significance: Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is key to research as hemodynamics can reflect neuronal activation and is often used in studies regarding the resting state network (RSN). However, several circumstances, including diseases that reduce blood vessel elasticity, can diminish NVC. In these cases, hemodynamic proxies might not accurately reflect the neuronal RSN.

Aim: We aim to investigate in resting state if (1) NVC differs over brain regions, (2) NVC remains intact with a mild rigidification of the carotid artery, (3) hemodynamic-based RSN reflects neuronal-based RSN, and (4) RSN differs with a mildly rigidified artery.

Approach: We rigidified the right common carotid artery of mice ( $n=15$ ) by applying a ${\mathrm{CaCl}}_2$ -soaked cloth to it (NaCl for Sham, $n=17$ ). With simultaneous GCaMP and intrinsic optical imaging, we compared neuronal activation to hemodynamic changes over the entire cortex.

Results: NVC parameters did not differ between the CaCl and Sham groups. Likewise, GCaMP and hemodynamic RSN showed similar connections in both groups. However, the parameters of NVC differed over brain regions. Retrosplenial regions had a slower response and a higher HbR peak than sensory and visual regions, and the motor cortex showed less HbO influx than sensory and visual regions.

Conclusions: NVC in a resting state differs over brain regions but is not altered by mild rigidification of the carotid artery.