Contact Sensitization to Allergens in Synthetic Hair and Related Hair Practices: A Review.

Abstract

Scalp contact dermatitis (SCD) represents a less common manifestation of contact dermatitis and is susceptible to misdiagnosis due to its atypical clinical presentations, including hair thinning, eczematous lesions, and scalp pruritus. Notably, personal care products are recognized as common etiologies in the development of SCD. Synthetic hair extensions, with prevalent use in individuals of color, are also known to cause contact dermatitis, due to allergenic components such as acrylates and disperse dyes. This review summarizes documented cases of contact dermatitis secondary to synthetic hair and provides an overview of prevalent ethnic hairstyling practices associated with synthetic hair installation. Hair styling practices detailed include braids and installation of wigs, and the related hair products that may be used to maintain these hairstyling practices. Upon surveying common hair styling products utilized, the most common hapten observed was fragrance. Ultimately, contact dermatitis stemming from synthetic hair warrants consideration as a pivotal differential diagnosis in individuals who regularly utilize synthetic hair products.