Placental and Umbilical Cord Anomalies Detected by Ultrasound as Clinical Risk Factors of Adverse Perinatal Outcome: Case Series Review of Selected Conditions. Part 2: Umbilical Cord Abnormalities.
Gabriele Tonni, Mario Lituania, Gianpaolo Grisolia, Alessia Pinto, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Giuseppe Rizzo, Rodrigo Ruano, Edward Araujo Júnior, Heron Werner, Waldo Sepulveda, Gianluigi Pilu
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Abstract
The aim of this second extended review is to describe the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying umbilical cord (UC) anomalies and their relationship with adverse perinatal outcomes. Review of the literature with case presentations to illustrate the relationship between UC pathologies and adverse perinatal outcomes are also reported. Prenatal ultrasound findings and perinatal care in these cases are presented. Our review confirms the ethiopathogenetic role and involvement of UC pathology in a wide variety of obstetric diseases that may jeopardize fetal well-being. Some of these specific pathologies are strongly associated with a high risk of poor perinatal outcomes.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Clinical Ultrasound (JCU) is an international journal dedicated to the worldwide dissemination of scientific information on diagnostic and therapeutic applications of medical sonography.
The scope of the journal includes--but is not limited to--the following areas: sonography of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, vascular system, nervous system, head and neck, chest, breast, musculoskeletal system, and other superficial structures; Doppler applications; obstetric and pediatric applications; and interventional sonography. Studies comparing sonography with other imaging modalities are encouraged, as are studies evaluating the economic impact of sonography. Also within the journal''s scope are innovations and improvements in instrumentation and examination techniques and the use of contrast agents.
JCU publishes original research articles, case reports, pictorial essays, technical notes, and letters to the editor. The journal is also dedicated to being an educational resource for its readers, through the publication of review articles and various scientific contributions from members of the editorial board and other world-renowned experts in sonography.
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